Little Aquarium

Aquarium Filters - How They Work and the Benefits and Negatives of Each Type

2007-10-13T00:29:00.001-07:00

AQUARIUM FILTERS

There are several different kinds of aquarium filters, each with advantages and disadvantages. Most work best when used in combination to compliment each other, this redundancy is also important for peace of mind in case one filter fails, another will keep your aquarium filtering. I give my opinion too with each of these types of filters, based on 28 + years maintaining a Large Aquarium maintenance company in Los Angeles, California. I used many different types and brands of filters during this time, and continue to try new ones out.

UNDERGRAVEL (UGF)

An old standby that is good for biological filtration (the conversion of fish waste from ammonia and nitrites to less harmful nitrates), but is poor for mechanical filtration (the removal of debris- organic and inorganic). Although I have use many over the years with good results, I do not generally recommend them anymore. Most also do not perform chemical filtration although some have small carbon cartridges that go on the exhaust of the lift tube (Lee’s makes such a UGF). They are also not real good for planted aquariums; the roots have a hard time thriving with the filter plants just below the gravel (although you add potted aquarium plants to aquariums with UGFs). UGF are also poor at denitrification, as they do not allow for the fine sand and anaerobic bacteria needed for Nitrate removal.

If used, I recommend a HOB (power filter) as a compliment, they have better mechanical and chemical filtration, but tend to be lacking in biological filtration (some are better than others for this).

HANG ON BACK-POWER FILTERS (HOB)

Another more popular filter now, these filters are good for mechanical and chemical filtration, and sometimes biological filtration. This does vary widely with the model though. The Aqua Clear is better than most for biological filtration, but it’s design tend to lead to flow-by, resulting in poor mechanical filtration (they also have poor impellers, and in my experience, have a higher than normal break down record). The Penguin has good mechanical filtration (little flow-by), but are not as good for bio filtration, EVEN with the Bio-Wheel! I have run many Penguins since they came out, but their bio-wheels tend to stop easily, and I have run ammonia and nitrite tests with heavily loaded aquariums and observed little difference with or without (I added a seeded Sponge filter to these same tanks and observed an immediate improvement in these levels). Whisper and ReSun use cartridges that are best rinsed in used aquarium water, or else should have a small sponge placed in them to preserve bio colonies, otherwise these would be my HOB of choice.

HOB filters are good compliments to sponge filters or under gravel filters.

SPONGE FILTERS

Probably one of the most under rated filters available. These filters are excellent biological filters and reasonable mechanical filters. They are simple and inexpensive. The type of sponge material makes a large difference in the filters bio capacity. Reticulated filter foam is the preferred sponge material. One of the sponge filters benefits is their ease in cleaning, which in turn lowers the amount of organic material being broken down in the nitrogen cycle. It takes only minute to clean a sponge filter by rinsing it used aquarium water, while it may take half an hour to clean a canister filter.

Internal filters and HOB small aquariums are good compliments to sponge filters. Canister filters are good compliments to sponge filters in large aquariums. I have a lot more information about sponge filters in my article: "Sponge Filters"

INTERNAL FILTERS

Not as common a filter but a much less alternative to expensive and bulky canister filters. Internal filters are basically a power head with a filter of varying capacity attached. They are useful for improved water circulation, generally are good mechanical and biological filters (although generally they do not have a large capacity). They are a great secondary or even third filter in large aquariums, and a good secondary are even primary filter in small aquariums (under 60 gallons). Internal filters are a good compliment to almost any filter (especially fluidized). I prefer the Via Aqua internal filters for the flow rates, internal sponges and durability.

CANISTER FILTERS

Popular filters for larger aquariums in particular, Canister filters are known for their large capacity, which sometimes can be their problem. Many aquarists will not clean canister filters often enough as they are “still running well”, but in reality are have a large build up of organic sludge turning them into ‘nitrate factories”. I do recommend them if they are serviced regularly, as their ability to hold large amounts of different filter media and their excellent mechanical filtration set canister filters above most other filters. For the money I prefer the Via Aqua or Jebo (the Jebo is the same basic filter), the Eheim is excellent but way over priced for the slightly better quality. The Magnum has unique convertible features (the ability to switch between standard canister filtration and micron), but their capacity is poor compared to the rest. Although popular, I am less than impressed with the Fluval. They have weak motors, poorly designed impellers, and have a larger flow-by than most others. I have had dozens of Fluvals on my maintenance route over the years, and their longevity is less than most others.

Canister filters are good compliments to internal and sponge filters.

WET/DRY FILTERS

Popular with marine aquariums in particular, these filters are great biological filters, but poor mechanical filters. They also can become “nitrate factories” like canister filters if not maintained properly.

They are two basic types; the under tank wet/dry which uses a siphon to take aquarium water out to the “sump” where the bio balls are other biological media are, and uses a pump or powerhead to return the water. With this type of wet/dry you want to make sure that you do not over fill the aquarium past where the sump will over flow with the pump off in case of a power or pump failure. This type also usually has a pre filter box to add mechanical filtration to the wet/dry. You can run a variety of bio media in this type of wet/dry. Bio balls and ceramic bio media are popular; live rock, plant refuguiums, sponge filters attached to the pump intake, or all of the above are also popular.

The other type is the built into the back wet/dry. These wet/drys are usually much more reasonably priced (along with the aquarium they are attached to). They usually do not have the versatility or capacity as the under tank wet/drys do though. Internal filters are usually good compliments to wet/dry filters.

FLUIDIZED BED FILTERS

These filters are primarily biological filters only. They work well attached to an internal or canister filer (I prefer an internal). Fluidized bed filters use fine sand kept suspended in a water flow for aerobic biological filtration. The plus is they are basically self cleaning as the sand is constantly rubbing against other grains keeping down the organic buildup. The negative is do not supply a lot of oxygen for the aerobic bacteria. I have set up fluidized filters in marine aquariums in place of wet/drys with excellent results (I set up a whole marine aquarium store department this way). But I strongly recommend other filters (especially internal) to make up for the weakness of fluidized filters. If properly installed, their strengths will shine (they are not the nitrate factories that wet/drys are).

MUD FILTERS

These filters are primarily biological filters. Their advantage is they work both aerobically and anaerobically (removing nitrates). They are not good as the only filter and do not replace mechanical or even germicidal filtration (in marine). They do make an excellent alternative to sometimes difficult to use protein skimmers.

GERMACIDAL FILTRATION

Germicidal filtration is the use of UVC radiation or ozone to kill disease pathogens and improve the Redox Potential in aquariums. I believe they are essential to a healthy marine fish aquarium. But are equally important to expensive and sometimes delicate freshwater fish such as Discus. Many articles I have read state that a UV is not that beneficial to an established aquarium as a healthy aquarium depends on beneficial bacteria typically growing on media in your filter which neutralize ammonia. Unfortunately the problem with this statement is beneficial bacteria belongs in the filter, not in the open water. Also this is great for advanced aquarists who are not adding fish and have a healthy Redox Potential, but not in the real world of average and above average aquarists that I have dealt with in the 100s of aquariums I have serviced. I have a very in depth article about “Why you should use a UV Sterilizer and how it works” . I strongly recommend reading this article.

PROTEIN SKIMMER;

Protein skimmers remove nitrogenous wastes (protein based organic waste) via foam refraction. The protein skimmer collects this waste in a cup, where it is then emptied. There are pump driven and air driven models. Protein skimmers generally only work in marine aquariums where they are very popular in reef aquaria, as they are needed to keep nitrates below .20 ppm for the delicate marine invertebrates. The advantages are that they remove nitrogenous waste before they can go thru the nitrogen cycle and become nitrates. The disadvantages are they are messy, take frequent adjustments (at least on many commercial models), and in my experience, over rated. I have kept many reef aquariums successfully with and without protein skimmers (I believe lighting such as metal halide is more important to a successful reef aquarium than a protein skimmer). The key to keeping low nitrates without a protein skimmer is;

*Proper feeding of foods with highly digestible proteins so as to lower the nitrogenous waste produced.

*Good anaerobic filtration via live rock, live sand, or mud filtration.

*Plant refugiums and or good plant and green algae growth in the aquarium.

*Proper and frequent cleaning procedures. Using a gravel vacuum (or better, the Aquarium Cleaning Machine , which with recirculation of water thru a micron cartridge after the initial water change, insures better waste removal with less water changed.) to remove waste before it can go thru the nitrogen cycle, but not digging so deep so as to disturb anaerobic filtration in the sand (I prefer a layer of fine sand under #3 gravel to achieve this).

For my full Aquarium Filters article (pictures and much more information), please visit this site: "Aquarium Filtration (Filters); how they work, benefits, and trouble shooting"

Your Aquarium Depends on Your Maintenance

2007-09-01T07:11:00.003-07:00

The proper maintenance of the aquarium will all be played upon by the size of the tank, the number of kept species, and the wear and tear of equipments, and other factors. By rule, larger aquariums are easier to maintain because they have a better chance of achieving the right ecological balance as large aquatic environment. But being artificial and synthetically run, it will need manpower and knowledge to keep up with the demands necessary to keep the fish healthy and alive.

To achieve the right aquarium maintenance, there should be an allocated budget to keep up with the changes in general. Setting up an aquarium is a big responsibility because it is continues process of keeping live animals out of the independent environment from where they come from.

What are aspects that the need maintenance?

Everything from tank water to the health checklist of the fish is included in maintaining an aquarium hobby.

The most important to consider is waste management. Given the proper balanced environment, production of waste matters in the tank may help in keeping the balance of good and bad bacteria in the tank. A poorly maintained aquarium will surely accumulate and produce ammonia, which is deadly to any fish forms in aquariums. If properly handled, the nitrogen cycle in the tank will make its own self-cleansing process, making water change less frequent. The cleaner the water, the better the fish mortality rate. In case of changing the water, the use of filtration and even reverse osmosis is required to avoid harsh chemical compounds from contaminating the aquarium water.

Keeping abreast with technology and research is also important to pave way to better options in maintaining the aquarium. This could help in knowing all the necessary changes needed. The right lighting can be achieved by liquid emitting diode (LED) for purposes of keeping the fish day and night simulation realistic. The use of LED has added to the options in putting up aquariums, instead of plainly using fluorescent lighting only. Metal halide lights can play a role in simulating the flickering lights in the ocean bed. With these, it means the habitat requirements of the fish must be met.

Conservation of a rare species should also be taken care of. Any individuals must buy only those that are allowed for commercial selling. Buying of very exotic species must be avoided by getting acquainted with different kinds.

Maintaining the life of fish in the aquarium involves constant checking of water properties. Cycle of nitrogen in the water level has to be carefully checked. It will take some peculiar fish behavior to specifically know this.

Tips on Selecting Aquarium Fish

2007-09-01T07:11:00.001-07:00

Aquariums are made for fish to swim around. Not only that, most aquariums are also made for people to wonder and marvel at a beautiful miniature water environment with fish swimming around. In order to make an aquarium beautiful to look at, you must have a collection of attractive fish to add to your aquarium. But how do you select what fish will do well for your type of aquarium? Here are some tips that may be able to help you.

Do your research.

It pays to know what types of fish will thrive in the type of aquarium environment that you have recreated. Try to read as much about different fish varieties that thrive in different environments. You should know how to differentiate between fish that do well on a temperate environment and those species that thrive in a tropical aquarium setting. Try to choose fish varieties that will be able to live comfortably in your type of aquarium.

Know how to determine a healthy fish.

Try to learn as much about the signs that show how healthy a fish is. This will ensure that you buy aquarium fish that won't end up dead in your tank or infect other fish in your tank. Try also to learn the signs of fish that are stressed out. Most marine fish usually turn colors when they are stressed. Some fish like tangs, triggers and even damsels may either darken or pale their colors when they are stressed.

Other signals can be exhibited by the fish themselves. Aquarium fish that act listless or hides often may be a sign that there may be problem. Try also looking for actively swimming fish with no torn fins or discolored scales. Missing fins and discolored scales may be a sign of some kind of infection.

Try to observe a fish variety for some time before you buy them.

You can always put your chosen fish variety under observation for a time by paying a deposit at a fish pet store and ask them to hold it for you for a week or so. You can always say that you need to have your tank set up before you can get the fish from them. Not only will this help you observe how the fish will be reacting and behaving, you may also be giving them time to get readjusted to their environment.

The most colorful fish that you might find in the pet store might usually be fresh from transport from some other place, which might put the fish in some form of stress. Giving it some time to readjust will help keep them in shape so that you don't have to worry about getting unhealthy fish in your aquarium.

Tips on Caring for Fish Inside the Aquarium

2007-09-01T07:09:00.003-07:00

It doesn't cost that much to have an aquarium. The important thing is to know how to take care for these delicate creatures. Here are some reminders for those who have them at home.

First, regular checks must be done on the aquarium. There are test kits that can monitor the level of ammonia, nitrate and phosphate in the water. Fish poop doesn't evaporate into the air so a filtration system is needed to store it until such time that this is full and has to be cleaned using a vacuum.

Fish need to stay at a certain temperature. The owner can maintain this by installing a heater and having a florescent tube on top of the aquarium. A lid is also important since some jump out and are discovered dead on the floor.

Bottled water must be used when filling up the aquarium. It should be changed every two weeks because of the toxicity in the chlorine. The good news is that only a small portion needs to be replaced.

There are fish that are peaceful and those that are aggressive. Putting these two together isn't a good idea because one group will die. Before buying, you should check with the sales clerk, which species can live peacefully together.

Fish like humans need food to survive. The owner can give pellets or flakes but this should be given in small amounts. Believe it or not, there is such a thing as overfeeding and it could be the cause of death.

An aquarium should have a few decorations to make the place friendlier to the fish. Decoration in the form of rocks, plants, corals, shells, ceramic miniatures, cedar wood and more can be used to make this happen.

Those who have the time should read up on the types of fish in the aquarium. After the female lays the eggs, they should be isolated using a glass divider or transferring them to another holding area. Adult fish have the tendency to eat the eggs and the offspring.

If the fish have grown a lot bigger since these were purchased a few months ago, perhaps it is time to consider buying a larger aquarium. The limited space may not be enough so when they multiply which is something that has to be anticipated.

It is sometimes hard to tell if the fish are fine. If one is behaving abnormal, it would be a good idea to isolate it from the others and focus more effort until it gets better.

Things That Will Be Needed To Set Up An Aquarium

2007-09-01T07:09:00.001-07:00

Anyone who has ever been to Sea World or any other marine park will notice that the aquariums are huge. This is to accommodate the different species of fish and the same principles apply when deciding to have one at home.

The first thing to think about will be what size of aquarium to get from the pet store. This depends on the kind of fish that you would like to own and how many will live there.

Fish need to be kept warm especially in the evening when the room temperature drops. So another thing that has to be purchased is a heater and a lighting system.

Since some consider the aquarium to be a decorative item, some sand and a few ornaments will fit nicely in the bottom. There are so many to choose from such as a sunken ship, a treasure chest, a miniature statue and a submariner.

The aquarium will get dirty over a period of time and the best way to control this is by also getting a filtration system. These come in different sizes and there are so many brands to choose from. Those who are unsure should ask the assistance of sales professional.

The first thing to do when setting up an aquarium is to wash everything using hot water and soap. These should be rinsed thoroughly or else the fish will be swimming through a soapy environment.

Water should then be put in gradually while simultaneously installing the filter system to the base. This is usually made of plastic and the only way to keep it down is by putting some gravel. There is no standard as to how the underwater habitat should look like.

Some artificial plant life can also be added to color and life to the aquarium. Once everything is set up, this is the time to plug in the lighting, heater and the filter into the outlet.

Before buying any fish and transferring them to the new home, you should make sure that all the aquarium's systems are working. A rapid change in temperature may kill it so you should put the plastic bag on top of the water for a few minutes before releasing it.

The fish should be monitored to make sure they has adjusted thoroughly in the new environment. Constant maintenance is also needed to make sure this doesn't change.

Therapeutic Health Benefits of Having Aquariums

2007-09-01T07:08:00.001-07:00

To some people, having an aquarium in the home may just be having some attractive fixture to make the surroundings more attractive. Some people see aquariums as just a part of the interior decoration. But aquariums usually offer more than just being eye candy. They offer another set of benefits apart from making a home look unique.

As many aquarium enthusiasts believe, aquariums not only provide visual benefits to their owner, there are certain therapeutic elements that such a hobby may be able to bring. For one, aquariums filled with fish usually have a calm and serene effect that makes them so irresistible to look at. Just by looking at the seemingly peaceful nature of an underwater environment, it tends to have a calming effect on humans.

A good example of its calming effect can be seen especially in some waiting areas and overcrowded offices with aquariums. It certainly would be easier for one's nerves to unravel waiting in line and doing nothing as well as with all the overcrowding. It can really be a very stressful place.

But with an aquarium to set your eyes on, you feel more relaxed, fixing your gaze upon a wonderful miniature world that can be so hypnotizing. You becomes less agitated and anxious having something beautiful to focus on and forget about stress even for just a moment.

Aquariums can also be used as therapy to treat a wide range of emotional problems. Such ailments can be treated by giving patients something to focus their minds on while undergoing a number of stressful treatments. For example, it may be easier for cancer patients not to worry when they are undergoing treatment.

The treatment can be very taxing not only to their bodies but also to their emotions. Such patients need some thing to focus on aside from their situation. A simple aquarium full of colorful fish will be able to do it effectively.

A patient with an aquarium will have something worthwhile to do during the period of recuperation. Spending time feeding the fish, cleaning the tank, and even talking to the fish may greatly help in making patients feel more relaxed. No longer do they have time to worry and feel sorry for themselves because they have an aquarium to care for. The feeling of having something to do and being useful can do well to provide a positive boost in them.

The Joy Of Having An Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:56:00.001-07:00

To the uninitiated, the idea of having an aquarium can be dull and boring. That is of course if you maintain an aquarium in a fishbowl or if you maintain the type of aquarium that contains plastic skeleton decorations among others. If however you create and maintain an aquarium that tries to stay true to the natural elements found in the wild as well as sustain the complex ecosystem of aquatic life then it turns into a really interesting and educational hobby.

Serious aquarium hobbyists are learned about aquatic conditions that are conducive to the life and survival of their aquatic pets. This means that before even going down to the store to buy fish and other aquatic life, the aquarium owner has already decided on what type of theme to set up in the tank. The theme would basically fall under three categories, namely: freshwater, salt water, and brackish water.

The types of aquatic life you decide to purchase depend on what type of water you decide to fill your aquarium tank with. Once you have set up and got your aquarium going, you would have successfully transformed space in your terrestrial home into an aquatic home for your new pets. Because the elements and the dynamics found in the regular ecosystem of your aquatic pets were recreated in your aquarium, you can actually liken the idea of this hobby to snorkeling.

Indeed, maintaining and having an aquarium on display is quite like snorkeling sans. In fact, having an aquarium can be better because you don't have to leave your home or get wet to enjoy the underwater scenery and dynamics. Watching the fish in a well maintained and well designed aquarium can be very therapeutic to all the individuals in your home. Plus, the actual maintenance and care for the aquarium teaches patience, meticulous care and knowledge so that it makes for a very interesting and educational hobby to have.

With an aquarium, you will be creating and maintaining an entire life support system for your aquatic pets. This means that a very big responsibility comes with having an aquarium as a hobby and you should be well prepared for it if you decide to pursue this activity. However if you take the time and care to create and maintain a proper aquarium, it can become very fulfilling and aesthetically pleasing for you and for all to see.

The Importance of Plants in Aquariums

2007-09-01T06:54:00.001-07:00

A glass aquarium and water aren't enough when taking care of fish. This is because these creatures don’t feel comfortable in the new environment compared to the kind in the wild so you should do something about it.

The best way to make it friendlier is by introducing some plants. It doesn’t matter if this is made of plastic or these are live because it makes the fish feel secure and less stressed which also serves as a good hiding place.

But people are advised to try live plants over artificial ones. This isn't for aesthetic purposes but to serve as a filter and maintain the quality of the water. In fact, the poop that comes out of the fish serves as food helping the plants grow.

Plants are also important because studies have shown that it promotes reproduction among the fish. This is a good place for the female fish to lay the eggs until it is time for these to hatch and join the others in the aquarium.

Not all plants can be placed inside the aquarium for the obvious reason that too much water can kill it. Beginners should choose the Java Moss or the Java Fern that are considered to be the strongest since it can survive the highest pH values that are harmful to most fish.

If these aren't available, the customer should ask the sales clerk for any other alternatives that can be used. Fortunately, not all are green so it wouldn’t hurt to try a different color.

Science class has taught us that plants grow through the process known as photosynthesis. Getting direct sunlight of course can only do this but since this is harmful for the fish, the use of fluorescent tubes can satisfy this need.

Aside from taking care of the fish, you should also pay close attention to the plants because some parts may die and should be removed from the aquarium.

Everyone has to remember that the aquarium serves as an artificial eco-system similar to the one that fish live in the wild. You should do whatever it takes to make this transition easy so that these creatures will be able to grow and even reproduce.

Before you know it, this might mean buying another aquarium to accommodate the additional guests which means buying more plants to occupy the vacant space.

The Different Types of Aquariums

2007-09-01T06:51:00.001-07:00

At some point in time, a son or daughter would like to have a pet. Since these individuals don’t know anything yet about responsibility, the best animal to get, which is cheap and doesn't pose that much risk is a fish.

With that in mind, everyone can go and pick one from the pet store. You will notice that there are hundreds of species available and there are also different types of aquariums to choose from.

First time pet owners who will most likely get one or two fish should place them in a fish bowl. This should ideally hold at least two gallons of water that can be transferred from a plastic jug.

This type of aquarium doesn't have a filtering system. Aside from feeding the fish, twenty percent of the water has to be replaced twice a week to prevent ammonia poisoning from killing those who are living inside. An old coffee can be used to cover the top preventing these little creatures from jumping out.

If the kids have shown a good job in taking care of the fish and they are getting bigger, it is time to transfer them to be a bigger container. These are better known as cool water aquariums and they come with a filtering system.

These come in different sizes and the rule of thumb is that a fish measuring one feet should be equivalent to one gallon of water. If there are still two fish measuring 3 feet each, it is best to get a five or a 10 gallon aquarium since allowance has to be given when these continue to get bigger.

There is also such a thing called a warm water aquarium. The only difference is that there is a heater in place and this requires more maintenance from those who want to take care of the fish. Flakes or pellets can be given as food but those who have an appetite can be given blood worms.

Fish owners have to clean the aquarium every two weeks or once a month. This is because the waste coming from the fish can only be controlled up to a certain point before it begins to cloud up the glass.

This means you should also buy a net to get the fish out temporarily. When everything is cleaned, it can be placed back in the aquarium where these can swim happily.

The Right Fish Species for the Right Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:50:00.001-07:00

In an aquarium, you can't just combine sharks with any kind of fish you choose on the market. Setting up the species you add at studied choice is also considered. It has something to do with combining the right ones. As aggression happens in the tank, you can combine kinds that are aggressive and those that can withstand the plight.

There are ways of combining species depending on what is preferred. The following categories are:

SPECIMEN TANKS - fish in this kind of tank are for breeding purposes. Fish of the same breed collected in the tank is also supported with plants and aquatic elements fit for a very specific kind. Usually housed in many tanks in one place, collecting once species of fish is easier. The owner will only master one kind and learn the breeding easier compared to the next;

ECOTYPE - this kind of aquarium hobby involves setting up a combination of different species of fish and other aquatic animals and invertebrates. The ornaments are adapted for different species. Ecotype is like simulating the actual world of the selected ones.

REEF AQUARIUM - is a system that simulates a more complex combination of tropical aquatic life forms of warm oceans. This is the most expensive of all and the category requiring more expertise and specialization.

When it comes to choosing the right kind of fish and aquatic life, it is all about the ecology of the artificial environment of the aquarium. Once brought down to tanks, it will never be perfect because of the space limit. One death of a fish in small tank (say 10 gallons) can have an impact on the rest, while it won't matter in a 100-gallon tank. This is the main reason why the advantage of choosing a big aquarium is preferred with its capability to keep more species to achieve stability of balance.

The food chain (predator-prey combination) in an aquarium is almost impossible to attain even in most sophisticated set-ups. The keeper is always in charge of watching over this balance issue of aquatic forms.

Choosing the right kind of fish and aquatic life will always be studied. The hobbyist has to be prepared with the odds of losing fish at some point in time. He must have knowledge in handling rare species to adapt it to a different ecosystem. Remember that having an aquarium is rewarding, but it will also require dedication and calling.

The Right Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:49:00.001-07:00

The right aquarium isn't hard to find. The factors varying every choice of aquariums are all about personal preferences. In the first place, is it for spatial decorative purposes or is it a hobby?

If it is for decorative purposes, then the focus on aesthetics and design will come first. The tank shape itself will be a critical aspect to consider. It will turn out to be without justice, but sometimes even the color and breed of fish will be affected by it. If the owner is conscious with popular practices like Feng Shui, placement of aquariums will be very sensitive. One typical point is all about placing the aquarium at the center of the house (water). This is a no-no to Feng Shui believers.

Granted that the owner doesn't have any orientation then choosing the right aquarium won't be hard to decide on. In buying a tank, you must consider the scale with respect to where it will be placed. As a focal point, it is empowering as emphasis. Exploiting decorative colors and add-ons to aquariums will definitely make a powerful and elegant design treatment in a room. To find the right design, it is best to consult with an aquarium expert who can best judge the elements to make the aquarium a good decorative choice as coordinated with your interior designer. The expert will consider not only the aesthetic benefit but also the maintenance accessibility. It may look good in a room, but will it cause nightmare during cleaning time? This has to be thought over before deciding to buy one.

If the aquarium is intended as hobby, then the aesthetic factor is also important but not as critical. The location of the aquarium could be in another room. Actually, aquariums are all automatically considered for public showing and not to be hidden far from the public.

The right aquarium is always customized to what the owner wants. It could either be glass or special plastic. The tank must be able to sustain the activities of a balanced ecosystem for the fish. It shouldn't give in to impact easily. Items placed inside the aquariums aren't just plain fillers but has significance to the life of the fish. With some creativity, an aquarium could blaze with life and color. At the same time, the life cycle of the organisms in the water has to be a part of continues maintenance of aquariums.

Test Kits for the Fresh Water Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:48:00.001-07:00

Fish are sensitive creatures. It is hard to tell if something is wrong since fish aren't able to talk and then it just dies. One way to check on the health of those living in the aquarium is by using a test kit.

There are quite a few on the market and some fish experts recommend using a combination to check the water.

The first is called the ammonia test kit. This should be done regularly because ammonia is harmful to the fish. You will get some water out of the aquarium and let the machine do the rest. The level of ammonium must be at a low level or zero. Should it be to high, the water should be replaced even if there isn't that much dirt yet on the glass.

Next is called the KH & GH test kit. This stands for calcium and magnesium and the level of normalcy depends on the species of fish. Goldfish which are frequently purchased by pet owners should stay between 100 to 200 KH & GH.

Another thing to watch out for is the pH level. There are two types available namely the pH high and the low range. The pet owner only has to buy one and then look at the indicator if the levels are normal. Again this depends on the type of fish kept in the aquarium.

There is also the Nitrate Test Kit. This is considered to be the best one around next to the Ammonia version which can tell when it is time to change the water in the aquarium. For freshwater fish like the goldfish, it should stay under 40 ppm.

If you have live plants inside the aquarium with the fish, it will be a good idea to buy a phosphate test kit. This will alert you if there is an overgrowth of algae that could be harmful for those living there. After changing the water, results should report that the phosphate content is close to zero.

No one can say that there is one kit out there over the others. This is because each one is designed to watch over something and unless someone is able to invent an all around version, fish owners will have to buy and use a combination to ensure the welfare of those living in the aquarium.

Testing The Salt Water Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:47:00.001-07:00

Maintaining an aquarium is challenging especially when you are taking care of salt-water fish. Aside from feeding these creatures pellets, flakes or worms, extreme care must be given to the water.

There are some similarities between the fresh and the salt water test kit. For instance, you can check on the health of aquarium or pond by looking at the levels of ammonia, nitrate and pH.

Since these aren't enough to care for the salt water fish, a hydrometer is needed to check on the gravity of the water. This will tell if there is too much salt in the tank which is also harmful for these sea creatures.

Fresh water aquariums employ the KH & GH test kit. Salt water ones use the calcium test kit because this is needed by all marine life. The reading should be between 400 to 450 ppm which is a good sign that the fish are safe.

If the level of magnesium falls below 1200 ppm, this may endanger the life of the salt water fish. The only way to check on this is by using a magnesium test kit. Changing the water isn't the answer to this problem. You will have to employ marine buffers to improve the situation.

There was a time that fish owners could just look at the physical condition of the fish to check if everything is normal. Since it is very hard to determine the cause of death should one be discovered floating in the water, various kits were invented to prevent such a tragedy from happening.

The salt water kits mentioned should be used weekly. Most of these are inexpensive and can be purchase online or at the local pet store. You don't have to worry about how to use it because each one comes with a manual so all you have to do is follow the instructions.

If there are any questions, you can ask how to use it to understand the various readings before going home. Those who are still confused will have to call the customer service hotline printed on the box.
You shouldn't forget to check on the temperature of the water. This could also be another factor that could affect the life of the salt water fish that can only be done accurately using a thermometer.

Taking Care of A Shark In An Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:39:00.001-07:00

Most pet lovers will want to have a goldfish, a few guppies or rainbow fish in the aquarium. This is because of their bright features and friendly looks that anyone will surely love. For a more aggressive fish, there is always a shark. Most of us have heard of hammerheads and Great White's but there are other species that don't grow to be that big.

Take for example the Bala Shark. This fish looks like a shark but actually isn’t. It merely resembles the real thing since it is color silver and also has a tall dorsal fins making it move swiftly in the water.

The Bala shark is known by other names such as the Silver Shark and the Tri-Colored Shark. It also enjoys swimming in an aquarium that has plenty or plants and rocks allowing it to hide when it doesn't want to be disturbed.

The nice thing about this fish is that it can live peacefully amongst other fish in the aquarium. You can start with one and then maybe add more later on to see a school move in formation. A group of 4 or 6 are worth having especially for those that had experience in the past.

The Bala shark needs to live in a large aquarium preferably 30 gallons when it is just 2 inches long and then has to be transferred to a larger one as it gets bigger. It can live for up to 8 to 12 years and be 14 inches long.

The ideal water temperature should be from 71 to 83 degrees Fahrenheit and the right pH level should be around 7.0. Bala sharks love to eat freeze-dried bloodworms and fish flakes. The owner can even give an occasional treat of live black worms or shrimp.

People should be aware that the Bala shark produces a clicking noise every so often. This is normal and this is nothing to worry about because this is just one of its unique characteristics.

It is hard to tell the gender of the Bala shark. This is because the two look alike. It is easier to determine the sex in other species where the brighter one with the longer fin is the male.

There are a lot of movies on sharks usually depicting these animals of the deep as ferocious and merciless killers. Your perception will surely change after caring for a Bala shark.

Starting A Miniature Marine Eco-System With An Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:38:00.003-07:00

Sea World located in Southern California, Florida and Texas are considered to be three of the biggest aquariums in the world. It gives whales, dolphins, penguins and other creatures a home away from the wild.

You may not be able to take care of such creatures because of the enormous size but something similar to it can be done at home. It will take some money but those who successfully do so will be able to teach children and adults why it is important to be concerned about the environment.

The most important think to acquire first is the aquarium. Most of these are shaped in the form of a rectangle. The recommended size is 55 gallons that should ideally be made of glass and not metal since contact with saltwater may cause it to corrode and releasing a toxic substance into the water. Of course, those who can't afford this can get something smaller.

Lighting is also important in the marine ecosystem. It should be placed above the aquarium and also along the sides. You can utilize regular fluorescent tubes, metal halides and power compact fixtures since this is the next best thing to natural light from the sun.

The big aquarium will also require a filtration system. There are different types to choose form such as the hang on, canister and the under gravel versions. The most economical is live rock and sand. This is because it contains millions of organisms that create a balance in the marine environment. This can also serve as a home for the smaller fishes.

Marine creatures survive at a certain temperature and they can be regulated using a heater. It should be set at 78 or 82 degrees Fahrenheit.

The only thing to do now is to pour in the water. The difference between fresh and salt-water fish is where this liquid comes from. Fresh water will have to come from bottled containers while salt may come from the sea.

You don't have to worry about the volume of salt water needed because only a small volume is needed and can be mixed with the bottled version. When all the systems are up and running, it should be allowed to cycle for a few weeks. This will give enough time for bacteria to grow so that fish can be thrown in to the new home.

Responsible Aquarium Ownership

2007-09-01T06:38:00.001-07:00

Creating and owning an aquarium is a huge responsibility. First of all, in taking on the hobby of creating an aquarium, you are taking on the responsibility of recreating an environment and ecosystem that is needed for your aquatic pets to thrive and survive. Beyond that, you will need to ensure that only the proper methods of creating and acquiring elements for your aquarium is followed so that you can guarantee the integrity of the environment you take from.

This means that although exotic fish and other aquatic life is wonderful to look at and would make a wonderful addition to your aquarium, it would be best to procure aquatic life that has been bred in captivity for the sole purpose of trade. Ensuring that you don't procure from the wild means that you will not be supporting a system of unsustainable means.

The hobby of aquarium creation and ownership has captivated quite a large amount of the world's population. If all the aquarium owners procured additions for their aquarium from the wild then the whole practice can become unsustainable because it puts even more strain on an already weakened natural aquatic environment. Illegal and unsustainable practices of fishing have already immensely depleted the world's fish stock placing the future generation's dependence of seafood in peril. Don't add to the problem by collecting fish from the wild for recreation.

Also, while having live corals in your aquarium can be very beautiful and exotic, remember that this practice is a fancy that endangers the lives of aquatic life forms in their natural habitat. Corals take many years to grow back and regenerate if at all. You can choose to use artificial coral or other materials for your aquarium. Don't take live coral and place it in your aquarium.

One more thing to remember is that if for some reason you decide to dismantle your aquarium, remember to discard the contents of your aquarium properly. If the fish are still alive don't just dump them down a creak or introduce them to a live body of water. While you may think you're doing the fish a favor by setting them free, it is important to preserve the existing biodiversity of an area so don't introduce species that are not local to the region. Doing so will upset the balance of species and threaten the fragile ecosystem. Instead of throwing them out, donate them to other aquarium hobbyists.

Knowing The Aquarium Basics

2007-09-01T06:37:00.001-07:00

Creating and maintaining an aquarium can be quite simple if you have read enough and know enough about aquariums and aquatic conditions needed to ensure the success of your creation. That is why, if you have decided to get into the hobby of creating and maintaining an aquarium then it is important to read up and learn all you can about this activity.

There are many resources and many topics to encounter when trying to learn all about aquariums. To start one however, you just need to know and understand some basics. Before anything else, you will need to decide what kind of aquarium you want to create. The types of aquatic life and the aquarium conditions will depend on your choice of environment you want to create.

This means that you will have to think whether you want an aquarium that contains a freshwater environment, or one with saltwater or even brackish water. For beginners however, it may be advisable to start with cultivating a freshwater aquarium because it is less complicated than the other types.

Now, there are many choices to consider when deciding on what aquatic life to include in your freshwater aquarium. You will need to read up then what types of fresh water life forms can coexist together in a tank. Remember not to group species that are incompatible. Once you have decided on the aquatic life you want for your aquarium, don't go out and buy them yet.

You will need to invest some time preparing your tank for its future inhabitants. This means that you will need to have a fish-free tank in the beginning as you begin to set up the water for the fish and other aquatic life forms. Make sure you have the right size of aquarium for your intended number or fish. The basic rule among aquarium hobbyists is 1 inch of fish for every gallon capacity of your tank. Don't go over this prescribed number or you will have to face an unstable and possibly unsuccessful aquarium endeavor.

Also, live plants in your aquarium is essential for small fish to hide in as well to provide oxygen in the tank and absorb elements that would otherwise be harmful to your fish. To be able to maintain aquatic plant life though, you will need to have a sufficient light source at the top of your aquarium.

Is Having An Aquarium Right For You?

2007-09-01T06:32:00.001-07:00

Creating and maintaining aquariums is a popular hobby among a large number of individuals around the world. This particular hobby entails devotion and care for aquatic life from its advocates. This is because when you make an aquarium, you are supposed to create a replica of the conditions found in the natural environment of the aquatic life intended to live in your tank. This means that special care must be taken to ensure that the right elements needed for your aquatic life to thrive is achieved in creating an aquarium to ensure the life of your pets.

Before deciding to create an aquarium you must first think and decide whether you have the time and resources to give to your new hobby. To the uninitiated, it may seem that keeping an aquarium is a simple hassle free way to have pets. After all, aquatic life forms are quiet and won't need you to take them out for walks and there is no need to potty train them. However, it is much easier to train and take care of a dog than to create and maintain an aquarium.

First of all, an aquarium is a direct simulation of aquatic life. Humans are terrestrial creatures and dogs are terrestrial creatures as well. Therefore to create a living environment where dogs and other terrestrial pets can thrive is quite simple to accomplish in your home.

To create an aquatic habitat for your aquatic pets on the other hand can be a bit complicated and before you embark on this endeavor, it is important to read and learn as much as you can about aquariums. It would also be helpful to have an old time aquarium keeper that you can ask advice and tips from. Otherwise, joining online forums can be of great help to aquarium owners whether beginners or old timers alike.

If you decide that you have the budget to buy a good sized tank and other necessary equipment to create an aquarium while maintaining the time and patience to ensure the proper environmental factors are achieved in your aquarium then go ahead and begin to plan your creation. Make sure you understand the basics of an aquarium before you go out and buy your equipment. If you don't know what you are doing, you just might end up buying things you don't need or worse-end up with the wrong equipment.

Important Information About Owning An Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:27:00.003-07:00

Some people believe that less effort is needed when taking care of fish instead of a cat or dog. This isn't true because constant maintenance is needed to make sure these creatures are alive and well. Here are some important information people should know when owning an aquarium.

Fish need a place to live and this is the aquarium. This item must be purchased first before even thinking about what species or how many to get because such creatures have needs. The salesman at the store can help make this decision which is much better than second-guessing.

The aquarium has to be set up before the fish are transferred into the new home. You shouldn't forget to clean it and all the other accessories because those who fail to do this may jeopardize the health of the fish. The use of warm water and soap can do the job but all traces of the detergent have to be removed since this can also pose problems.

An aquarium is light when there is nothing inside but the weight doubles because of the water, the gravel and the other accessories. The sides of this underwater home are made of glass that is stuck together using an adhesive. It is advisable to check it for leaks so it can be brought back to the store and replaced with a new one.

The pet owner should make sure there is a stand that has a solid base. If it will be placed on one of the old tables in the house, some layer preferably polystyrene tiles should serve as a buffer between the tank and the stand.

The aquarium can be placed in almost any room in the house as long as there is a power outlet nearby. You shouldn't put this in direct sunlight because this causes algae to grow and becomes it can become a problem for the fish.

There are a lot of things that may affect the health of the fish. The level of ammonia, nitrate and magnesium are just some of the things to look at and a test kit will be very useful. While it is true that there may a problem with the water, not everything has to be taken out. Only 20 to 25% has to be replaced and the use of a conditioner can improve the situation.

How To Build An Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:27:00.001-07:00

Aquariums are glass casings glued together. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to assemble everything. The important thing is to have all the materials available.

One man can single-handedly build an aquarium. The glass and other materials can be purchased from the hardware store. Someone can cut it to the proper size or it can be done if there is a machine at home.

After cutting it to the appropriate length, the edges must be sanded and wiped using a piece of emery cloth. If there is grease or dirt, it should be removed using an acetone cleaner. Everything must be done carefully so that the adhesive will be able to stick properly when it is being assembled.

For safety reasons, during assembly, a middle brace should be placed inside. This doesn’t have to go all the way to the top but just enough to hold things together and provide stability.

Some manufacturers use a steal tank stand. One way to save on time and labor will be to use a Styrofoam pad. Doing this will allow you to use thinner glass for the other sides.

The tricky part is applying the adhesive. This should be done slowly so there won't be any gaps or bubbles. The best adhesive to use when sticking the glass together is silicone. It dries fast so you should be done in about 3 to 5 minutes.

This should be left to dry for a few hours and then when it is ready, the last thing to do will be to apply a little on the glass brace. Some duct tape can also be used as an added precaution.

The moment of truth will come when water is placed in the aquarium. If there are no leaks, then you have just successfully built one.

Being able to make one without a hitch will make it easier to make smaller or bigger ones later on. You should price it properly and then sell these to pet shops and offer customized versions to those who are willing to pay the price.

With experience, you can experiment making aquariums of different shapes. No matter what happens, the core should still be shaped in the form of a rectangle since this is the kind frequently bought by those who want to have fish at home.

How Aquarium Fish Breed

2007-09-01T06:26:00.001-07:00

Aquarium breeding can be a very exciting hobby. It is always fascinating trying to watch fish breed and ultimately give birth to a new set of young fingerlings that will grow up into new colorful fish breeds. But you might need to learn and understand how fish breed in order to be successful at it. The first thing that a hobbyist should learn is how most fish breed. In most cases, fish that you can come across in this hobby breed in two ways. There are some fish that lay eggs while there are some that give birth to live young fingerlings.

Live bearing fish give birth to fully formed young that are already able to swim. The females are fertilized internally by the males and carry the fry inside for about four to five weeks before delivering them. The small babies then instinctively go and look for food or hide upon being delivered in the outside world. Examples of live bearing aquarium fish include guppies, platies, swordtails and the ever popular mollies. There are other aquarium fish that are fairly easy to breed like the ones that belong to the Goodeid family of aquarium fish. The larger females can easily be fertilized by it smaller counterpart male by using a rod-like anal fin called the gonopodium in order to internally fertilize the female. After that, the female then is able to produce multiple batches of fries without the male present.

Egg layers on the other hand lay their young in the form of eggs instead of giving birth to live young babies. Egg layers usually take about a week or two to go through the whole process of hatching their young although it can vary widely for most other fish. As the fish hatch into fries, they usually have tiny yolk sacs attached to them which provides them with nourishment after they hatch. This sac disappears as they slowly mature.

Egg laying aquarium fish have different methods of laying their eggs. Some females scatter their eggs onto gravel or weeds as the male tries to chase the females during spawning. The eggs are eventually fertilized during the chase sequence and ready to hatch in weeks once they fall to the ground. Examples of such egg layers include tetras, barbs, rasboras and danios.

There are some egg layers that have their eggs attached to a fixed location such as rocks, plants, wood and even the aquarium glass. The males fertilize the eggs as the females attach the eggs on a certain location. Examples of such unique egg layers include some cichlids, killifish as well as many varieties of catfish.

There are also egg layers who place their eggs on bubble nests blown by the males. The bubbles attract some organisms that become food for the young and keep the eggs above the surface to keep them well-oxygenated. Examples of such egg layers include betas and gouramis. Then there are the mouth brooders that keep the fertilized eggs in their mouths until the eggs hatch. Examples of these are arrowanas and some female cichlids.

Therapeutic Health Benefits of Having Aquariums

2007-09-01T06:25:00.001-07:00

To some people, having an aquarium in the home may just be having some attractive fixture to make the surroundings more attractive. Some people see aquariums as just a part of the interior decoration. But aquariums offer more than just being eye candy. They offer another set of benefits apart from making a home look unique.

As many aquarium enthusiasts believe, aquariums not only provide visual benefits to its owner, there are certain therapeutic elements that such a hobby may be able to bring in. For one, aquariums filled with fish usually have a calm and serene effect that makes them so irresistible to look at. Just by looking at the seemingly peaceful nature of an underwater environment, it tends to have a calming effect on humans.

But with an aquarium to set your eyes on, you can feel more relaxed, fixing your gaze upon a wonderful miniature world that can be so hypnotizing. You becomes less agitated and anxious having something beautiful to focus on and forget about stress even for just a moment.

The treatment can be very taxing not only to their bodies but also to their emotions. Such patients will need something to focus on aside from their situation. A simple aquarium full of colorful fish would be able to do it effectively.

Fun At the Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:24:00.003-07:00

Every once in awhile, you should get out of the house and do something fun. Instead of shopping or watching a movie, you can try visiting the zoo or better yet an aquarium.

Most US cities have large aquariums featuring animals like dolphins, whales, walruses and seals. This probably takes the fun out of Sea World since this is one of the biggest in the country so those who can't afford to get there will have to settle for something less. Here are some places worth visiting.

The first is the Shedd Aquarium and Oceanarium in Chicago. This houses close to 8,000 marine animals held in 4.5 million gallons of water. Most of these are featured in a Pacific Coastal setting given that it is much closer the West coast. It also features the habitat of creatures living in the Caribbean.

The Dallas World Aquarium is another venue. Most of the marine life comes from South Africa and gives tourists a bird's eye view of the dense rain forests. A lot of schools hold fieldtrips for the kids since it has a lot of interactive exhibits so students can learn a thing or two about nature.

Kentucky has the Newport Aquarium. This houses 7,000 marine creatures and isn't that far form either Cincinnati or Ohio. If Sea World has Shamu who is a killer whale, this place has Sweet Pea that is a shark ray. Those who won't be able to visit the mid-West can try seeing its sister ocean park located in Camden, New Jersey called the Adventure Aquarium.

Epcot's Living Seas Walt Disney World in Florida is also worth checking out. Aside from the shows and exhibits, guests can take a plunge and swim among the dolphins, fishes, sharks and turtles. You shouldn't stay too close or show any aggressive behavior because we are in their territory now.

There are smaller marine parks located in different parts of the United States. These are opened daily so it will be a good idea to check online how much the tickets cost. It is possible to get a season pass for those who want to drop by again and discounts for groups and the elderly citizens.

At these aquariums, you shouldn't forget to take a few snapshots and get some souvenirs. It isn’t everyday the kids can see it up close and personal this breathtaking experience.

Essential Aquarium Equipment

2007-09-01T06:24:00.001-07:00

Aquariums need a set of essential equipments in order for it to become a safe and functional miniature water environment for the fish. When you are setting up an aquarium, equipment such as filtration systems may be required in order to maintain clean aquarium water suitable for maintaining a stress-free environment for the fish.

Air pumps may also be required in order to provide oxygen for the fish or provide carbon dioxide for heavily planted aquariums. Aquarium heaters may also be required to keep the ideal water temperature for your fish.

Filtration systems act to clean out the aquarium water and get rid of wastes that have dissolved in the water over time. A typical filtration system includes:
a. the intake where the "dirty" water comes in
b. mechanical filtration that seeks to filter out floating sediments in the water
c. chemical filtration that gets rid of the nitrogenous wastes and phosphates dissolved in water
d. biological filtration that tries to get rid of bacteria and other organisms that may be harmful to the fish
e. the outflow where the filtered water is led back into the tank

Filtration systems for aquariums are probably the most important as well as the most complex of all aquarium equipments. There are a variety of designs that can be used to allow for different levels of filtration. There are other additional filtration devices such as protein skimmers that remove proteins as well as other waste from the aquarium water.

The air pumps are mainly used to provide adequate oxygen into the aquarium water. Fish may suffer from oxygen starvation and may die if they aren't supplied with oxygen in the water regularly.

Aquarium fish may be prone to this condition since aquarium water is mostly stagnant and may have depleting oxygen levels in time. Air pumps can be used to bring back the oxygen levels in the aquarium back to normal levels in order to keep a more livable environment for the aquarium residents.

Aquarium heaters are often used to regulate the water temperature inside the aquarium. This is especially required for tropical aquariums that usually house a variety of exotic tropical fish that may require the environment of tropical water temperatures in order to thrive. Aquarium heaters are usually equipped with thermostats in order to efficiently regulate the right water temperature at the designated levels.

In contrast, there are also aquarium coolers available that are used in places where water temperature may be required to be lower than the prevailing room temperature in order for the aquarium fish to be comfortable.

Doing A Major Cleanup On The Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:23:00.001-07:00

Some pet stores sell aquariums with everything needed is included. The customer will just have to the buy the fish, fill it up with water and it is finished. Although many say that cleaning the aquarium by using a vacuum and changing 20 to 25% of the water is effective, there are times that an overhaul needs to be done which requires disassembling it then putting everything back.

The first thing to do is to transfer the fish to a holding tank. The water inside should be the same as the aquarium so these creatures won't be stressed from the transfer.

The second step will be to drain some water using a pail. The filtration system must be handled delicately. This is because it contains aerobic bacteria that is essential in the life cycle of both plants and fish inside the aquarium. The only way to do this will be to transfer it with some water in the aquarium to a holding area while the other things are being cleaned.

The other accessories in the aquarium should also be taken out piece by piece and washed with soap. A sponge should then be used to clean the glass in the aquarium. There must be no soap left when it is put back together and the only way to make sure will be wash it with water and leave it to dry for 30 minutes to an hour.

The third step is putting everything back together. You should start with the filter and then load in the other things such as the gravel, the rocks and the plants. Bottled water should then be poured inside.

The remaining water that was used to hold the filtration system can also be poured as long as it is clean and there are no floating debris.

The last part is putting the fish back in. It isn't advisable to throw these in after everything has been fixed. The temperature should be checked to again prevent stress that can be done using a thermometer. When they are the same, the container should be placed over the aquarium so these little creatures can slowly swim back into the aquarium.

A major cleanup of the aquarium should be done every two or three months. It usually takes a couple of hours when doing this to a 10 gallon tank so this could be longer if the tank is bigger.

Different Types of Aquariums

2007-09-01T06:19:00.001-07:00

Aquariums have something to offer to people. They aren't just merely there to take up space. Aquariums offer to bring people closer to a unique environment that can be found underwater. People can become outside spectators to an underwater spectacle on a small scale. With aquariums, people will be able to experience how fish live, how they interact and even wonder at the beauty of the magnificent creatures of the underwater world.

The make-up of an aquarium is a combination of many elements. Aside from the fish, plants will also need to be part in order to create a more suitable underwater environment. Other elements such as water, soil and rocks should go well together in order to create that perfect environment for its occupants, which are the fish. Armed with these general principles, people may be able to create aquariums well-suited for different kinds of fish. But not all aquariums are alike.

Different types of aquariums are being set up for different types of fish. This is to provide an ideal environment that is as close as the natural surroundings of the fish that will be kept in it. The different types of aquariums are usually identified with respect to the kind of environment created. And to accommodate this fact, aquariums are generally divided into two main groups- the temperate and the tropical aquariums.

Temperate aquariums, often called cold water aquariums, are those that are set up where the water temperatures are maintained at the range of 5 to 25 degrees Centigrade. The ideal water temperature should vary to the same extent as that in the levels found in the natural environment. Although these types of aquariums aren't heated, it may be a bit difficult to establish as room temperatures will barely fall below 15 degrees Centigrade.

Tropical aquariums are those types of aquariums that aim to recreate an underwater environment usually found in the areas lying between the tropic of Cancer to the north of the equator and the tropic of Capricorn to the south. It is in this area of the world where water temperatures vary by only a few degrees in a year. It is in this kind of environment that fish and plants not native to the same region can be raised alongside each other.

In aquariums, it can create an environment that is either fresh water or salt water. Tropical aquariums may house a splendid variety of fishes and plants but may be harder to maintain than temperate aquariums.

Decorating the Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:18:00.003-07:00

A home looks plain without furniture, paintings and other decorations around the house. Believe it or not, the same thing can be said about having an aquarium because it is so boring to look at if there are just a few fish inside.

YOU can try putting in some rocks and stones. Before putting these inside, it would be a good idea to check on the pH levels of these objects since they could pose a problem to the fish.

These can be purchased from the pet store and are available in different colors. They can be mixed and matched with the gravel that also helps in keeping the filtration system stay at the bottom.

Another option will be to use driftwood and mangrove. This will be great for fish to swim over and under. You should only use a few because too much may lower the pH levels in the water.

Plants seem to be the best choice to decorate the aquarium. Live ones are useful for fish to lay eggs in, be a good hiding place and also act as a filter to balance the toxic level in the aquarium.

It is also possible to put a poster on the back of the aquarium. The only problem is that you can only see one side and have to turn it around to see what is going on.

Most fish live among the corals, it is only right to put one or two in the aquarium. These can also be substituted for shells but these should only be used for salt water and not for fresh water fish.

The use of a plastic submariner, a treasure chest or a sunken ship would also be good to hide away the tube that pushes oxygen from the pump. Some small ceramic figurines can also be used to make it look like a miniature Atlantis.

There are other things that can be used to decorate the aquarium. The nice thing about having one at home is that there is no right or wrong answer as to how to decorate it.

One set up can be done now and when you get tired of it, it can be changed to something new. The pet owner can use one of those mentioned or a combination but the most important thing to keep in mind is that these aren't harmful to the fish.

Dealing with Saltwater Aquariums

2007-09-01T06:18:00.001-07:00

Saltwater aquariums, though very close to the components of seawater, don't necessarily make the hobby any easier. With this kind of aquarium, equipments are more demanding than just changing the tank's water. The common system of achieving this kind of aquarium is in close proximity to the sea, where the water itself is drawn to the aquarium. While this may limit the hobbyists who live far from the sea or ocean, simulating saltwater can be achieved artificially with the combination of salt mixed to the closest blend.

Saltwater aquariums aren't so much applicable to individual hobbyist because of the underlying cost involved. Though it can be done in smaller tanks, the chemical components of salt in contact with the paraphernalia of the aquarium. This is the reason why the minimum size of available tanks for saltwater aquarium starts at 40 gallons, which aren't suitable for ordinary individuals. Dealing with the problems are the main reasons why salt aquariums are made larger. With more volume, the ecosystem of aquatic forms are easy to maintain. All that it takes to deal with it is the cost. This cost covers the following: a large stable tank with a very rigid support stand or base; chemicals for the salty components; filter system; artificial lighting; aquarium heaters.

Special species suitable for saltwater aquariums are harder to acquire from deep seas compared to fresh water aquariums, which is taken from shallow bodies of water. Once taken out from the sea and placed in aquariums, the fish will make adjustments, unless the closest seawater simulation is achieved in the tank. The aquarium keeper not only has to take care of the water but also the day and night projection of lights, which is also important for the routine activity of the fish. Though it may not be necessary, the lights are for the maintenance crew as well. Heating the tank to a specific temperature is applicable to tropical species. Saltwater aquariums are an investment for tropical fish species because they have richer colors compared to the fish from cold bodies of water in other parts of the world. The preference for such aquatic selections is the reason why special species mustn't be disposed carelessly in any other bodies of water likes streams and ponds.

The cost of choice species will be a combination of the right sea/ocean fish, invertebrates and some live rocks, corals, and plants. There is nothing expensive as long as there is funding in keeping up with the demands of an expensive aquarium.

Dealing with Freshwater Aquariums

2007-09-01T06:17:00.001-07:00

Setting up an aquarium is all about passion for taking care of fish, where the aim is putting up an artificial environment suitable to sustain their health and growth. If you aren't acquainted with the task, you will need books and references to push through with the hobby successfully, otherwise you will need an experienced person's advice.

THE TANK

The freshwater aquarium tank has to be the right size. The right size doesn't mean dimensions, but it is more about its size proportion with the number of fish to be raised and accommodated. It should be equipped with a filter system, heater, with artificial source of light in the cover. The tank is ready to house fish after it is filled with water. This is just the start.

THE BALANCE

It is important to have knowledge of the required "balance" fit for the fish. It means the population of fish can affect the emitted waste matter in the tank. Usually, these waster matters consume bacteria in the water. The cycle in the aquarium is continuously balanced by this important principle. It will take some adjustments and timing before putting up the next batch of fish. To avoid too much loss, it is advisable to add not more than five (5) in a month. It is important to observe the change in the water's clarity on a daily basis. This isn't tedious because feeding is done once or twice a day. It means, every feeding is followed up by some check-up routine.

WATER MANAGEMENT & TEMPERATURE

Changing the water in the tank has to be done on a weekly basis. The dirt at the bottom of the water has to be suctioned and removed. Chlorinated water and other chemicals to reduce water chlorination should be avoided as tank filler because it can damage and discolor the gills of the fish.

Unplug all power sources from filter and heaters to avoid breaking the glass tank as a result of temperature change.

If you intend to clean the water, then it is also important to consider cleaning the glass for sanitary and aesthetic reasons. The fish show significant behavioral changes and agitation when the glass isn't clean.

Tepid water mustn't be too hot or it will affect the good bacteria in the tank.

OTHER THINGS:

What was mentioned above are just the basics about freshwater aquariums. Remember that putting up one is all about creating a habitable environment. Therefore, other add-ons such as plants, decorative objects and other things may help in keeping the fish content in a tank.

Common Misconceptions For Beginners Who Want An Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:16:00.001-07:00

Fish are fun to look at regardless of shape or size. The thing that attracts people the most is the color regardless if it is in the wild, at the pet shop, someone's home or on television.

This makes them realize that "if other people can raise fish, so can I." One misconception for beginners is that a fish bowl is much easier to maintain than a 5 or 10 gallon aquarium. This isn’t true because the amount of water inside the tank and its size helps the fish grow, which doesn't do very well, being confined in a much smaller space.

Some people are very excited putting fish into the tank once the aquarium has been filled up. Some time must be given because the water temperature in the plastic bag is different from the tank and introducing the fish to the new environment without proper care could kill them.

Beginners are told to clean the tank regularly. A good indicator is the presence of algae on the glass walls but you don't have to wait that long to take action. Test kits are available to check on the level of bacteria and other chemicals in the water. Once it goes above or below normal, then it is time change the water.

Another misconception is the volume of water that has to be replaced. Beginners don’t have to change everything because replacing 20 to 25% with fresh water is more than enough to do the job.

Choosing fish from the pet store is easy since all you have to do is point and let the sales clerk put it in the bag. However, not all fish live well together. It is best to ask someone knowledgeable about fish concerning what species will coexist peacefully in the aquarium.

The aquarium for some is considered to be another decorative item that can be placed just about anywhere in the house. Although this is true, it should never be in contact with direct sunlight because studies have shown this causes an overgrowth of algae that can kill the fish.

After reading this, you will realize that it isn't that easy after all to take care of fish. Some research has to be done by going online or asking the expert advice of those who have been doing this for quite some time.

Common Aquarium Set-up Mistakes

2007-09-01T06:13:00.001-07:00

An aquarium set-up may require some important instructions in order to make it a comfortable and clean environment for the fish. Most people think that it is easy to set-up an aquarium. Some think that it is as easy as putting water in the tank and placing a variety of fish bought at the local fish store. Doing so can be a very grave mistake that will leave you with an aquarium devoid of any fish.

Certain factors such as the right water temperature, salinity as well as the fish may be learned before you can set up an aquarium. Such mistakes can happen to anyone trying to set up an aquarium for the first time. Here are some other mistakes that most people usually make when maintaining their own aquariums.

Heavily Stocking an Aquarium

It is great to look at a wide variety of colorful fish inside an aquarium. But you should remember that there is such a thing as over stocking a tank with more fish than is required. This can be a mistake that can do harm to your fish. For one, overstocking can cause stress to your aquarium fish because they have to compete with other fish for valuable aquarium space.

Next, the fish may easily suffer from lack of oxygen since the available environment may not be able to provide adequate oxygen for all the fish to use even with an air pump. The best way to correct this is by decreasing the fish population by removing some of the fish and placing them in a separate tank where they don't have to feel constricted and can freely swim.

Overfeeding the Fishes

It is good to think that feeding the aquarium fish more than what is enough can provide your pets with food that they can eat later on. You might be concerned that your fish might not be eating adequately and would like to put in a little extra to help them grow faster. Big mistake. Overfeeding can be the cause of adding more waste into your aquarium. It is a big mistake to think that extra food left behind is food that the fish would eat sometime later on.

Excess food inside the tank oxidizes over time just like any other organic matter. This can help use up the oxygen inside the tank as well as add to the increasing levels of nitrogenous waste that can make living much harder for the fish. Avoid overfeeding your fish in order to help prevent such occurrences from happening. Make it a point to know how much food is enough and stick to that amount without going over.

Choosing the Right Aquarium

2007-09-01T06:06:00.003-07:00

If you have finally decided on having an aquarium in your home, it may not just be as simple as taking any set-up available and buying it. It will take a bit of planning and preparation. There are many factors involved in choosing the right aquarium in your home. Here are just a few.

Aquarium Type
When you come to know a bit more about aquariums, you realize that there are certain types available. Bear in mind that aquariums seek to recreate a certain kind of environment for certain types of fishes to live in. The type of aquarium that you wish to set up will depend on the type of fish that you wish to keep.

There's the temperate aquarium for you that may house local fishes since it seeks to recreate a more natural environment found in your own area. But if you wish to care for more exotic fish from other locations, then you might have to set up a tropical aquarium with a different set of equipment in order to recreate a certain tropical environment.

Aquarium Size

Going through the pet stores specializing in aquarium fish, you might notice that there are a variety of aquarium sizes available. You can have your choice of the smallest ones to even the special extra large ones. The type you ultimately choose will depend on the availability of space in your home.

It would be mistake buying a large aquarium and later on realize that it won't fit through your door. You should first give some time to taking up certain measurement around your home so that it will help you decide on the aquarium size to buy.

Make sure that you have the space available for the type of aquarium you have in mind otherwise you may find it even more difficult in looking for other places in your home where the aquarium will fit. A definite size and location will help make things easier for you.

Aquarium Location

Where in the home will the aquarium end up will also be important in choosing the right aquarium. Always remember that considering the size of an aquarium also means considering its weight. An aquarium tank full of water can be very heavy and large tanks may not be suitable if you wish to place it somewhere on the second floor of your home. Decide on a more desired location.

Make sure that you plan to have your aquarium set up at a chosen location for a long time. Not being sure of your decision can leave you with a difficult problem of moving a heavy aquarium filled with water.

Can All Fish That Live In An Aquariums Live Also In A Pond

2007-09-01T06:06:00.001-07:00

Most of us keep a goldfish or a guppy in a fish bowl or an aquarium. This is perhaps because of the limited space in the home. But if it were possible to have a big pond at home, is it possible for these species to live in a much bigger environment?

This question can't be answered simply with a yes or no. This depends on the species. Take for instance the Black Moor that got its name because of its color. This is very similar to the goldfish that is loving creature and able to get along with others and not just its own.

Studies show that the Black Moor isn't able to live very well in the fish pond. These can survive though when a heater is placed inside as the temperature gets cold. The biggest problem is its eyesight because it doesn't see very well.

As a result, the Black Moor won't be able eat the food if others will be getting it first. It can also bump into things that may hurt itself given there is no light like the kind provided in the aquarium.

Given this problem, the Black Moor shouldn't be kept in a pond. These should be kept in a 10 Gallon tank but it could be a lot of bigger if there are a few of them around.

An example of fish that can live in a pond are carp. This kind of fish is quite big and it will only get bigger in the months ahead. These come in many different colors and aren't that hard to take care of. Pellets are ideal given that these creatures have a huge appetite.

The examples mentioned shows that fish depending on size and physical extremities have certain needs that have to be catered to in order for it to live for a few years. If these demands aren't met, you shouldn’t expect them to stay as long as we have hoped.

Those who are thinking of raising fish should consult the sales clerk at the pet store about other species and what are their ideal living conditions. There are also books and articles on this on the web so the information needed is readily available. Maintaining the aquarium or fish pond is another matter to think about when having these creatures as pets.

A List of Food for your precious Pet Fish

2007-09-01T06:00:00.001-07:00

One of the most satisfying hobbies on the planet (and probably one of the most relaxing, too!) is keeping an aquarium. The joy of looking at the crystal clear water with live fish and plants is truly inexplicable. And with this joy comes the tank cleaning and fish feeding. Although it is highly important to establish a good environment for your fish, it is also equally important, though, to know what to feed your fish. You may have the most beautiful aquarium on the block but you aren't assured that your fish will last long if you aren't careful with what you feed them.

The major rule in feeding your fish is to know what type or species your fish belongs to. Do thorough research. If you know what type of diet your pet fish should have, then it will be easier for your to scout for the food among pet shops or in the market. Remember the classification of animal diets (herbivore, carnivore and omnivore)? Fish also fall under these categories. There are fish that can only feed on algae flakes and who would shun, say, shrimp flakes. These are the herbivores (examples are Molly, Silver Dollar, Pacu or Tropheus) that also prefer to eat vegetable pellets or flakes and spinach. The carnivores (Archerfish, Banjo catfish, Bettas, Hachetfish, Frontosa, or Killifish) are the ones that prefer worms and small insects. Here’s a great hint for omnivore fishes ( Armored Catfish, Blood Parrot, Discus, Convict, Goldfish, Gourami, or Guppy): although they eat almost anything on a fish diet, they do prefer live foods.

Next to knowing what diet your fish should have, it is also important to make a balanced diet for your pet fish. Just like humans, fish also need a variety in their diet.

Protein is the most important part in a fish’s diet. Since this is so, it is important to remember this when looking for fish food in pet shops. Look for those foods that have fishmeal or shrimps on their labels. The lowest nutrient in your fish’s food should be fat. Just like humans, too much fat could damage their livers. Be sure to include some fibers in their diet, too. Just a little would be sufficient.

If you are a fishbowl keeper or one of those who are contented with just small tanks, then it is a must for you to feed your pet fish with just flakes or the freeze dried bloodworms that are available at most pet shops. The key here is to feed fish in small tanks with flaky fish foods. Also, be sure to give them just a pinch of flakes each time. If they are able to gobble them up immediately, then you can give another pinch, and so on. Food that isn't consumed will go down to the bottom of the tank and will cause pollution. Also, remember not to overfeed your pet fish.

Flakes normally have a shelf life of just one month. If you feed your fish the flakes that are more than a month old, they could be more susceptible to illnesses because of the loss of nutritional content. Again, choose a variety of flakes so that your fish has a balanced diet.

For larger fish in larger tanks, the best food would be fish pellets or floating stick food. These pellets provide more food mass for larger fish. If you aren't a fan of freeze-dried foods, then you can opt to have them fresh. Worms, insect eggs, and even small insects such as ants are a good feed to some types of fish.

Other than the usual flakes, pellets and floating stick foods, there are also other freeze-dried fish foods that can be bought at most pet shops. Most of these foods include tubifex, krill, or river shrimp.

Now that you know all these things, it is also important to know that fish recognize immediately who feeds them regularly. At the sight of food (even if you have just fed them), they would leap to get a mouthful. Again, remember not to overfeed them! You can ‘over love’ them but never, ever overfeed!

Why it’s Important to Know what Nitrogen Cycle is in Aquarium Keeping

2007-09-01T05:59:00.001-07:00

Any living organism on the face of the planet needs the process called the nitrogen cycle (yes, that would include you!). Although this is so, not too many people actually know what nitrogen cycle is and why it is highly important in keeping many biological progressions. By definition, nitrogen cycle is the process of nitrogen and nitrogen-inclusive compound transformations. The earth’s atmosphere comprises 79% of nitrogen. Although nitrogen is a major part of the planet, most living organisms can't use it in its crude form. Plants are only able to use it once it is in its fixed form (examples are nitrate ions, urea and ammonia). Once the animals feed on plants that have these forms of nitrogen, then they, too, can have the nitrogen in their bodies.

When it comes to keeping an aquarium, nitrogen cycle means there are bacteria in your fish tank that convert the ammonia into nitrites and, eventually, into nitrates. Since this is so, it is necessary for you to learn to cycle your tank. It takes weeks to cycle your tank and it would be safest to say that you have finally established a safe environment for your fish when the nitrates are finally present and the nitrites and ammonia are at level zero.

There are four major processes that contribute to the nitrogen cycle: nitrogen fixation, decay, nitrification, and denitrification. Nitrogen fixation involves three other processes to break apart the inert nitrogen molecule (lightning or the so-called atmospheric fixation, biological fixation or industrial fixation). There are certain bacteria that are responsible for the nitrogen fixation: they are the symbiotic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria (free living) and the cyanobacteria (also known as the blue-green algae).

Decay, simply put, means nitrogen is produced in the form of ammonia through the excretions of plants (yes, plants also poop) and animals. In the case of fish, the more fish that you have in a small tank, the higher the chances of getting toxic levels of ammonia in their environment.

With nitrification, the plants can actually take ammonia in but the decay-produced ammonia is transformed into nitrates. There are two steps in nitrification and they are when: NH3 is oxidized by Nitrosomonas to become nitrites and when nitrites are oxidized by microbacters to become nitrates. These two types of bacteria that were mentioned are the so-called nitrifying bacteria. These bacteria make it possible for the plants’ roots to use up nitrogen. In some cases, there are soils that contain archaeal microbes that turn ammonia to nitrites. There are also a lot of legumes that undergo nitrification.

Denitrification is the process that replenishes the atmosphere of the nitrogen gas. In this case it is, again, the bacteria that do the work. Anaerobic bacteria use up nitrates in their respiration, which finalizes the nitrogen cycle.

Now that you know why nitrogen cycle is important, it’s high time for you to know that it is also the ‘main ingredient’ in making amino acids, nucleic acids and proteins—all are essential to human existence. And as if these aren't enough, perhaps you would appreciate the nitrogen cycle more if you knew that it is also an essential part of RNA, DNA and chlorophyll.

Now that we have that established, it’s high time we go back to keeping the aquarium safe from having toxic levels of ammonia. It’s as simple as this—fish naturally live in an environment where the ratio of water to fish is astronomical. But when you start out with your fish tank, this ratio is diminished and so are the chances of keeping the water safe for your pet fish.

To avoid toxicity in your aquarium, be sure to test it. You should be alarmed when the test kit is able to measure any amount of ammonia in your fish tank. A safe level should be when the test kit can't gauge the ammonia.

It will take time for you to get a handle on being a real aquarium owner. It takes patience and love of the new hobby to establish a new home for the fish. When this is achieved, processes such as the nitrogen cycle in your fish tank will be as easy as A-B-C!

About Invertebrates

2007-09-01T05:50:00.001-07:00

Invertebrates are, simply put, animals without spines (aka backbones). While this may seem to be only a few types at first glance, it's actually surprising that over 90% of the total different species of animals in the world are invertebrates. While a majority of the well known and most common species of animals on the planet have backbones, like mammals, birds, and reptiles, quite a few other life forms are born without spines, and have alternative means of sending their neutral signals or physically giving their internal organs a framework.

One of the most basic forms of life, protozoas, have no backbones. These are tiny, single-celled organisms like bacteria, and their microscopic size alone is enough reason for them not to require a spinal column. Taking this form of life and going a step up in size, we've got annelids, which are creatures whose bodies are segmented and whose internal organs are efficient enough that you can cut them in half and both halves will grow into a separate annelid. The most well known example of annelids are earthworms.

Aside from having NO spine or bone whatsoever, other invertebrates instead DO have bones in their bodies, but their physiological arrangement is different from vertebrates. Echinoderms are a mainly aquatic example of this. Echinoderms are creatures whose internal organs are arranged at the center of their bodies and, from this center, they grow spiny protrusions that radiate outwards to protect the soft, vulnerable central core. Starfish and sea urchins are examples of this. Echinoderms aren't built to be highly ambulatory due to the arrangement of their spines.

Other invertebrates in the ocean include mollusks, who similarly have a soft central core but, instead of protecting it with spiny outgrowths like echinoderms, they rely instead on a dense and heavy outer armored shell. Clams and oysters are the most common example of this, though mollusks aren't restricted to seagoing life forms. The snail is likewise a form of mollusk. Mollusks are a bit more mobile than echinoderms, often employing one organ dedicated to propulsion. The snail has a single foot which secretes fluids on which it slides forward, and clams have small tubes they can stick out of their shells to squirt out water in a tiny jet that pushes them around.

The ocean seems to hold the greatest number of invertebrates, as there are also SOFT skinned mollusks like squid and octopus. Given the fluid nature of water, soft, shell-less mollusks give up the protection offered by their hard-shelled versions in favor of sheer mobility. They actually have appendages, often quite a large number of them, and their musculature is much stronger than hard shelled mollusks yet designed for full flexibility to take advantage of their underwater habitat.

Shells, however, are a common defining factor for another type of underwater invertebrate, the crustacean. The biggest difference between a mollusk and a crustacean is the lack of a central core. Crustaceans actually have a main body which houses conventional internal organs like the heart and stomach, they actually have a head, and even appendages like legs and claws. Crustaceans are probably one of the best known form of invertebrate, as most of them wind up on a lunch or dinner plate; aka crabs, shrimps, and lobster. Oh yum....

Finally, moving out of the water, we get to the MAIN reason why invertebrates actually outnumber vertebrates on the planet. Insects. Bugs. Spiders. Creepy, crawly little things... call them what you want, but insects are actually one of the most hardy and efficient life forms on the planet in terms of sheer physical power and survivability. Insects get by without a spine by instead forming hard exoskeletons which cover their entire bodies. Their bodies are made up of a head, a thorax which houses most of the internal organs, and an abdomen. Their appendages are likewise covered by their exoskeletons. The muscle arrangement of insects within their exoskeletons actually gives them some of the highest stength to body weight ratio of any species of animal on the planet. Similarly, their internal organs are denser, and function so effectively that some toxins and even radiation don't affect them as much as vertebrates, so that it's been held that, in the even of something like a nuclear holocaust, they actually have the highest chances of survival.

All About that Annoying Algae in Your Aquarium and How to Get Rid of Them

2007-09-01T05:33:00.003-07:00

When you are an avid aquarium keeper, you should be able to relate when it is said that algae is a major nuisance in keeping the fish tank ‘pleasant’ to view. Once a small patch is seen, it only takes a day or two before you can see that it is starting to overwhelm the delicate balance of your aquarium. Although algae are usually considered an eyesore, we can’t prevent the fact that they will grow in your fish tank whether you like it or not.

It’s important to know the types of algae that can grow in your aquarium. It is important for you to know that there is a certain type of algae that can be left alone. This is the green type of algae. It will start as a small, slimy patch then when left alone, it will grow into something like hair (green hair, that is!). Be appeased when you have green algae in your aquarium. This means that you have established a healthy environment for your pets. Now the problem is how to control it and prevent it from overwhelming all the other species in the tank.

If your new aquarium is plagued by the brown or red algae, then it is most probable that you have a problem in your fish tank’s water quality. The red or brown algae normally appears in new, saltwater aquariums only. They are seen often on the corals.

Another type of algae-like organism is the diatom (and these are the hardest to clean!). These ones appear like dots. These diatoms have hard shells and they cling to the tank. When not cleaned, green algae would start to grow on it.

You should be highly alarmed when your aquarium becomes a habitat for cyanobacteria. This slimy stuff grows much faster than the common algae. Although it is easy to clean, cyanobacteria can grow back just as easy. Once there is an infestation of cyanobacteria in your aquarium, it is best to control them right away. The best way to do so is to clean the corals in your fish tank thoroughly.

There are ways of controlling algae in your aquarium. Aside from cleaning regularly, it is also important to place the aquarium as far away from the window as you possibly can. Having a direct sunlight hit your aquarium will mean faster growth to the unsightly algae. If you have to place your aquarium near a window, make sure to put blinds or thick curtains that would protect the water from a direct hit of light. You can open these drapes or blinds during the evening.

Another way of controlling algae is to limit the amount of lighting that your fish receive in a day. Of course, lighting is necessary for them to develop Vitamin D in their bodies but too much lighting will surely hasten algae growth. To avoid this risk, make sure that you turn on the ‘fish lights’ to no more than ten hours in a day. Make sure to turn them on or off during the same hours each day.

If you would like to resort to algae-eating creatures, then there are certain snails and fishes that you can purchase which would ‘clean up’ the tank for you. Just make sure that they do not overpopulate. Remember that the more fishes you have in a small tank, the higher the chances that the ammonia would reach toxic levels.

There are some apparatus that can be installed to control the growth of algae. These include ultraviolet sterilizers and algae scrubbers, also equipment that do ozonization, resin exchange, or reverse osmosis. If you are willing to do so, you can use distilled water in your fish tank.

There are so many ways of controlling algae but bear in mind that preventing them from recurring would be futile. Algae are a normal part of an aquatic habitat. It is, after all, not dirt but just an unsightly growth in your tank. All you have to do is to learn to control it and manage a habitat that is healthier for your pet fish.

Easy Ways of Setting Up an Aquarium

2007-09-01T05:33:00.001-07:00

When thinking about a hobby to pursue, many people turn to reading or writing, or probably pursuing a new sport. Still others might turn to keeping pets. But even when pets are involved, rarely do people opt to have fish, most of them would choose to have dogs or cats or even bunnies. Although hairy and cuddly pets are highly therapeutic, this doesn't diminish the fact that fish can equal this effect. So if you are undecided whether to buy that white bunny or to keep some cute fish, better read this first.

When you would want to have fish in your home, what is the very first thing that you should consider? Of course, the fishes’ home! Aquariums come in many varieties and they also come with different accessories. Here are the most common but useful tips in setting up your new pets’ home:

1. Before barging into the nearest pet shop, be sure to know what type of fish you want to keep in your aquarium. Another thing to consider is, can my choices of fish live together or will they eat each other? Know which ones can live symbiotically.
2. Prepare the aquarium together with all the other equipment that you are going to use. It is highly advisable that you start out with an under gravel filter. Also, be sure to provide ample lighting by putting a fluorescent lamp on the aquarium’s plastic top. A heater and an air pump will also be necessary purchases.
3. As soon as you have the fish tank (a.k.a. the aquarium) be sure to wipe it clean with freshwater and sponge. Wipe it dry.
4. Mount your choice of background. Be creative. Make sure to put in the design that will match all the other accessories and equipment (and your mood, too!).
5. Prepare to put the tank on its stand. As soon as you are decided on where to best enjoy your aquarium, level both the tank and the stand. Just be sure that the tank is away from direct sunlight, as this will greatly increase the growth of algae.
6. If you have purchased an undergravel filter, make sure to place it as soon as you have set up the tank on its stand.
7. Next, put two lift tubes (this is when you are using an air pump) in their sockets. If you have a power head instead of an air pump, then one lift tube would be sufficient.
8. Put in the gravel. Make sure to wash the gravel thoroughly before putting it in.
9. It’s now time to put in the heater and the water pump. Be sure to place the water pump above water level (for safety reasons).
10. For starters, you can begin practicing a tank set up by using plastic plants, wood and stone decors instead of using the ‘real thing’ immediately. Get a ‘feel’ of how to keep an aquarium balanced. If you are bolder, then you can opt to have live plants and real rocks. Now it’s time to set them all up inside the tank. Remember that plastics float once you put the water in so don’t be dismayed to see them floating all around. To avoid this, make sure that they are weighed down by gravel.
11. Put in water but the water treatment should only be added when the tank is full.
12. You should be ready to test your mini-marine world. It is highly preferable that you test the aquarium for a couple of days before purchasing the fish that will go in it. Once the tank is operating smoothly, it’s time to add in your choice of fish.
13. Welcoming home your pets doesn't end your commitment in keeping them. In fact, everything has just begun. Be patient in the next couple of weeks as this will test whether you can begin the cycle process.

Now that you have set up your new hobby, it is time to sit back, relax and enjoy the view. Looking at your new pets would have a calming effect on you that will sweep away the hours, even days that you’ve spent in setting up your new pets’ home.

7 Questions to Ask Yourself before Buying a Fish

2007-09-01T05:32:00.001-07:00

1) Salt Water or Deep Water fish? - fish generally fall into these two categories. For the sake of simplification, beginners should raise fresh water fish, as these are much less demanding in terms of equipment required and effort involved in raising them. Salt water fish are recommended for experienced aquarium owners, but have the added advantage of allowing their owners to place other decorative salt water life forms, like living coral and starfish, in their aquariums.

2) What size of fish should I choose? - this goes hand in hand with the question of aquarium size. The bigger the fish, the more food it will eat and the more water it needs. Beginning fish raisers should choose small yet highly decorative fish like guppies or goldfish, or maybe a pair of midsized tropical fish as their pets. Large, grumpy, and demanding fish, like arwanas, are best left to experienced fish raisers.

3) How many fish am I raising? - this goes hand in hand with the question above of fish size. If you're raising multiple fish and are a beginner, try raising only one breed of fish, and pick one that tends to travel in schools. Raising a lot of fish which are solitary or, worse, combative or predatory in nature is a good way to quickly depopulate your aquarium. If you want to stay on the safe side, raise two fish, a mated pair, in a relatively small sized aquarium and you should do fine.

4) What are the eating habits of that fish? - there are two kinds of processed fish food available: plant and animal based. Naturally, you want to buy one that's appropriate for your fish's diet, wether it's an herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. If you're not sure about the different brands of fish food, pick an omnivore for easy maintenance. It doesn't stop there however; fish are also divided into shallow surface feeders, bottom feeders, or ones which eat while swimming around the middle of a tank. Fish foods, to address these differences, are also divided into the types that float on the surface of the water, settle quickly to the bottom, or float down slowly yet are light enough to be kicked up again with a bit of turbulence (for middle-feeders).

5) What is the natural environment of that fish? - aquariums come with a variety of extra gadgets to ensure the comfort of your pets. Water filtration systems, heaters, and lighting are important to keep your fish healthy. Knowing the natural environment that your fish are suited for can help you choose which equipment to get. Tropical fish, for example, thrive in warm waters and aren't adverse to sun exposure, so using a good heater and a lighting system which simulates sunlight keeps them healthy and happy. Deep water fish and underwater cave/reef dwellers, on the other hand, will prefer cool temperatures and minimal lighting conditions.

6) Is the fish territorial? - if you're getting more than one fish, this is a very important question to ask yourself. Some fish are very aggressive and highly territorial, like lionfish, so they will need larger aquariums to keep them out of trouble. Furthermore, avoid mixing breeds of fish which tend to look at each other as natural enemies or a food source. For example, raising a school of guppies in the same tank as an arwana is tantamount to telling the arwana to eat hearty and have a nice time...

7) What other things can I include in the aquarium? - after selecting what breed of fish you want to get, you can throw in little things to make it more comfortable. Salt water aquariums are great places to put living corals, and this provides salt water fish with places to sneak into to doze off. Fresh water fish aquariums can be decorated with fronds that will help the oxygen supply in the water, and even help to filter nitrogen build up from decomposing fish excrement, which can be poisonous to fish. Without a good filter system and/or plants to natually clean the water, your fish will be living in the human equivalent of toilet, kitchen, and bedroom in one. Definitely not a cozy thought...

The 5 Best Tips in Keeping your Aquarium Clean

2007-09-01T05:30:00.001-07:00

If you are one of those fish-lovers on the planet (and by that, we mean you keep an aquarium and you don't eat those pet fish!), then you obviously know the joys of keeping a fish tank in your home. Then you could also attest to the problems that plague aquarium owners. Along with the many joys that you experience in keeping an aquarium come the problems like algae growth, establishing a healthy environment (no ammonia in the water) and also food ‘leftovers’ that make the water dirty.

When you are plagued with these problems, be assured that there are also numerous solutions that you can turn to. Let’s just tackle them one by one:

1. For general aquarium dirt (that’s inclusive of the algae and fish poop), it is always advisable to purchase an aquarium filter. Although this may cost you more than you have expected, still, the results are long term. Having a water filter would mean that there will be less ‘major cleaning’ for you. And by major cleaning, we mean having to remove the fish and the accessories out of the water and to scrub the tank itself. When you have a water filter, you will be tasked with just the simple cleaning of the filter itself. And this has to be done regularly. It will take time before you do another major cleaning. If you do decide to invest in a water filter, just make sure that you know how to properly clean it. If you are stuck with a product that you don't know how to clean, then, chances are, you can do more damage to the delicate balance of your aquarium. There are several types of water filters: the internal filter, the power filter, the inline or canister filter, and the wet/dry filter.
2. If your aquarium is plagued with algae, it is important to keep the tank away from any of your windows. Remember that when the aquarium is exposed to light, then there is also more algae growth. If you’re depending on fluorescent lights, then it is important for you to know that is also detrimental to have those lights turned on more than ten hours. Another way to control algae is to introduce animals that eat up algae in your aquarium. The Chinese Algae eater is a good choice. Just make sure that you have them when they’re young because they become too aggressive when they turn into adults. If you don’t want to risk your other fishes’ lives, then you can rely on the good ol’ snail to do the job for you. If you can't wait for days before the algae is removed, then you can purchase algae scrapers. There are also other equipment in pet shops that introduce reverse osmosis and ozonization in your fish tank.
3. Another problem is fish poop, right? Well, with this, the solution is fairly simple. When you put in the gravel on your aquarium floor, make sure that it slants towards the front. This way, you will be better able to see the fish dirt that has accumulated. Never put in too many spaces between the gravel, as it will be ‘home’ for fish poop that you won't be able to see.
4. This is, perhaps, one of the simplest tips—don't add in more fish to your aquarium more than it is able to bear. Remember that more fish in your fish tank will require more water. But since aquariums have limited water supplies as compared to the fishes’ natural habitat, it is then imperative to keep the number of fish at a tolerable level. More fish in your tank will produce more poop. When this happens, ammonia will be inevitably introduced into your tank.
5. When the water in your tank turns yellow or brownish, don't be alarmed. The plants in your tank might cause the color. Yellow water doesn't necessarily mean dirty water. The most normal interval in cleaning fish tanks should be 2-4 weeks. Before two weeks would mean your tank is too clean but beyond the four weeks, the environment could be toxic to your pet fish.

Cleaning a fish tank can be tedious but as an animal lover, you do know that the simple burden of cleaning is nothing when compared to the joys that fish will bring. Don’t you agree?

Determining Aquarium Lighting and Heat

2007-09-01T05:22:00.001-07:00

Light and heat are very important factors in an aquarium. Since it is an artificial environment, it is best to simulate natural conditions as much as possible to avoid having it's inhabitants sicken and even die. For most people, having an aquarium means putting in the right water, providing the right food, and setting up a filtration and pump system that keeps the water that the fish breath clean and fresh. While these are important factors themselves, the failure of most aquarium owners is to overlook the fact that lighting and heat are just as important to fish as the other things mentioned.

Lighting is extremely important because most fish except for deep water ones are used to seeing the sun, and it's a fact that, like any other animal, part of the nutritional needs of fish are physiologically triggered and released by exposure to sunlight. While admittedly not as high as the needs of non-aquatic animals, it is still there.

Light sources come in a variety of types. One of the most common and popular types are flourescent lighting. Flourescent lamps are cool, inexpensive, easy to maintain and replace, and consume low power. For most aquariums, this need is enough.

There are also classic incandescent lights, which consume a bit more power but provide brighter, if harsher, lighting. These also run hotter than flourescent lights, and are better suited for raising tropical fish, which naturally would be more comfortable in brighter and more temperate surroundings.

Compact lights on the other hand, consume the least power and generate the least heat, but also produce the least illumination. They are best suited for people who want to raise deep water fish or other breeds which prefer darker and cooler waters. However, if your aquarium has a high number of aquatic plants as well as fish, then you'll probably need a metal halide light.

Metal halide lighting mimicks sunlight at a low intensity level, roughly that which would breach the surface of water in natural environments to reach the bottom where the fronds and other aquatic plants are located. Metal halide lighting comes in a variety of intensities, and you should select one with a light and heat output that most closely approaches the natural environment of your aquarium's inhabitants, both the plants and the fish. You should be careful with metal halide lamps, and avoid choosing one with a higher output than your aquarium's needs; overexposure to sunlight on fish and plants which aren't physiologically capable of handling them can be as unhealthy as no exposure to it at all.

Aside from the lighting system, water heater coils and even filters with built in heaters are recommended equipment for any aquarium. For those who are serious about raising their fish, there are even heaters with a temperature setting and thermometer. Avid fish raisers will have done their research, and will know the exact range of temperature their fish will be most comfortable at. For casual fish raisers, however, a general rule of thumb is to have a low power heater that keeps the water lukewarm even in relatively cold weather.

To go into further detail in heating; use two heaters for larger aquariums, one at either end to ensure even distribution of water temperature. This is very important, as if only one side of a tank is hot, then the other remains cold, it can cause some thermal shock when your fish swim from one side of the tank to another. To put it in human terms, imagine spending an entire summer day inside an air conditioned room, one cold enough to require wearing a jacket to keep the chill out. Then, after a while, leave the room once you're become acclimated to the cold, and step outdoors into the blazing sun. THEN, once you've gotten used to the heat, jump back into the cold room. Obviously, this will eventually make most people sick. The same thing applies for fish.

Lastly, consult with your pet shop about the heater's output. The larger the fish tank, the larger the heaters you'll need to install. Heaters are measured not by their temperature output, but by their power consumption, which directly relates to their heating performance.

Common Aquatic Fish Diseases And Their Corresponding Treatments

2007-09-01T05:21:00.001-07:00

Many think that fish are ideal pets because they are easy to take care of and maintain. Just give them food everyday and you won't have any problems, such as vaccinations, arthritis, etc. Many believe that fish can never have worms, parasites, constipation, and much less tuberculosis! Oftentimes, fish owners just shrug their shoulders when they see their fish floating upside down, thinking that it is just the time for their fish to die.

However, unknown to many, fish also contract diseases like any other animals. Believe it or not, fish experience constipation, allergies, worms, parasites and even tuberculosis too. Most of the time, you are the cause of the diseases of your aquarium fish. Poor water quality, inadequate nutrients, inappropriate food variety, infrequent cleaning of fish tank or bowl, or lack of air pump are the primary causes of common diseases.

Before you buy another aquarium fish, it is advisable that you read the list of common fish diseases and corresponding treatment below so you will know how to properly take care of your precious aquatic friends when they are sick.

White Spot or Ich Disease

The disease that is easiest to detect is the white spot disease. The white spots all over the body of your fish are actually parasites called Ichthyophthirius, or Ich for short. This condition is caused by either poor water quality or fish stress. A fish that is under stress usually has a poor immune system and is susceptible to different kinds of diseases, including Ich disease.

If the disease is left untreated, your fish will lose their appetite and will be scraping their bodies to surfaces in futile attempt to get rid of the parasites. You will also notice that the breathing of your fish will be heavy or difficult. If you don't do anything to help your fish, it will eventually die of stress.

White spot disease should be treated immediately. At the first sign of white spots, you need to go to the pet store and buy proper medication. Even with constant treatment, it might take several days before the parasite is completely eradicated. When the parasites are in the cyst form, which is attached to the fish, medication won't work. Only when the parasites are free flowing in the water are they susceptible to treatment. That is why, regular tank cleaning is needed to prevent further outbreak of Ich infection.

Fungal infection

Your fish may be suffering from body fungus if you see that its skin or gills are splotched with white or grayish patches that resemble wool or cotton. If left untreated, the fungus will attack the skin of your pet and will cause ulcerations. Your water-bourn friends might die if you don't do anything about this infection.

Since fungus grows in water that has large concentrations of decaying matter, such as rotten food and fish refuse, you need to regularly clean the fish tank in order to prevent fungus from developing. Body fungus is quite easy to treat, so don't worry. Just go to the nearest pet shop and buy medication. You can opt to use an all-encompassing anti-bacterial medication, or just something that treats body fungus.

Fin or Tail Rot

You should always check the fin, tail and body of your fish everyday. The slightest change in the length of its tail or form of its fins should be cause for alarm. If you see that your fish is a bit sluggish, stays at the bottom of the tank, doesn't want to eat, and has noticeably shorter tail and fins, then your pet might be suffering from tail or fin rot. The rotting of fins, tails or even bodies is caused by bacteria. Stress makes some fishes more susceptible to the disease. Fin or tail rot can also be due to poor water quality or can be a secondary infection.

You will be able to secure treatment for such a disease in almost all pet stores. Utmost care in following the treatment instruction is needed. If you use a lower dosage of the anti-bacterial medication, you are making the bacteria resistant to the drug. Moreover, you should also do something about the underlying cause of the disease. If you see that your small fish are being bullied by bigger fish, then it may be wise to buy a new tank for you small fish.

Fish diseases are almost always easy to cure if treated in their early stages. So the next time you see changes in the appearance and movement of your fish, don't shrug it off. Immediately go to the pet store and buy appropriate medication.

Fish And Invertebrates To Avoid: Reference For The Budding Aquarium Hobbyist

2007-09-01T05:20:00.001-07:00

Aquariums, both the freshwater and marine types, have become a growing hobby worldwide that translates into hundreds of millions of dollars in yearly sales. From the pets to aquarium structures and from setup materials to the gadgetry needed to keep aquariums functioning properly, big money is channeled to the industries that supply and support this hobby. But the most delicate and expensive aspect of the aquarium hobby as a whole lies not in the structures but in the kind of pets owners put in their aquariums.

As a beginning enthusiast, you must carefully choose the kind of fish and invertebrates you put into your tank because putting these creatures in captivity not only affects the biodiversity of the environment from which they came from, they can also hurt your wallet in a very big way. As a beginner, it is always a good idea to keep your hands away from exotic and unfamiliar species of aquatic animals. For reasons that involve the environment, delicateness of the species, financial requirements and overall harmony inside your marine or freshwater aquarium, some fish and invertebrates must be avoided.

The following list identifies a number of fish and invertebrates that must normally be avoided by beginner aquarium hobbyist like you. And unless you have the money to burn and the patience to care for these organisms, these species are better off left in their natural habitat or some veteran hobbyists' fish tanks. Read on and know why.

Fish To Avoid Putting In Your Aquarium

Paddlefish can be a potential headache for a budding aquarium enthusiast because these fish can grow beyond two meters in length. You will need a large space and a large aquarium if you plan to start your hobby with a paddlefish. To top it all, paddlefish require an abundance of live small crustaceans like Daphnia as food. Paddlefish require huge amounts of funds for a pet.

Some varieties of aquarium sharks like the iridescent shark and the paroon shark can both outgrow the length of common aquariums. While they aren't picky as to the food they eat, they are hungry most of the time and they will eat other fish in your aquarium that can conveniently fit inside their mouths. These miniature sharks, which are actually a variety of catfish, usually require a lot of room to swim in.

Next on the list is the Pacu. This fish originated from South America and is a close relative of the piranhas, which in turn have a notorious reputation of tearing off flesh from its victims in the wild. While Pacu may be a great aquatic pet, a beginner should avoid it. A pacu may not be as aggressive as its cousins in the wild but its jaws are potential hazards especially for children because it can easily rip human fingers, adult and youngsters alike.

Invertebrates To Avoid In Your Aquarium

First on the list of invertebrates that you must avoid putting in your aquarium as pets are nudibranchs or slugs. These invertebrates are described as completely unsuitable for home aquariums. If large public marine tanks find it difficult to take care of nudibranchs, the situation could be worse for a beginner like you. Nudibranchs are very delicate and they have special feeding requirements; to make matters worse, there is only a little information about nudibranchs available.

While many nudibranchs or slugs are beautiful and attractive as pets, they are in effect impossible to care for in home aquariums unless you have adequate knowledge of their requirements particularly food and living conditions.

Next, a beginner aquarium hobbyist like you must stay away from harlequin shrimps. True, there are a lot of beautiful shrimp that can be great pets; however, harlequin shrimp are difficult to look after as they require starfish as their only food.

Another invertebrate that can cause a lot of headaches for a beginner enthusiast is the octopus. An octopus is very difficult to keep in captivity aside from the fact that its life span is very short. A very intelligent creature, an octopus always escapes from aquariums.

Lastly, always keep in mind that anemones aren't appropriate for beginners' aquariums. For one thing, anemones require a lot of strong light and superior quality of water in the aquarium. Therefore, if you don't have money to spend on lighting and water purifiers, it is best to forget about anemones until you have gained enough experience in the aquarium hobby.

Guidelines for Fishfood

2007-09-01T05:19:00.001-07:00

With thousands of different species of fish around the world, it's nearly impossible to match the exact dietary needs of every fish in your aquarium, and even more difficult to exactly match their food in the wilderness. However, by following a few common guidelines, you can keep your fish in good general health, and they will eventually adjust to the new diets you provide. While these guidelines won't work for fish with highly specialized diets, it is meant to handle the dietary needs of a vast majority of freshwater species.

One of the greatest developments in fish care is the development of dried, high nutrition fish foods which can generically feed most breeds of fish. These come in a variety of forms, from pellets to flakes. These dried fish foods, no matter the form they take, will provide equal nutrients to your fish. The biggest factor to consider between flakes, tiny granulated bits, or larger pellets is the actual eating habits and size of your fish.

Use flakes for feeding your smallest fish, granules for feeding midsized fish, and pellets for the larger breeds. These sizes are made for the mouths of various fish, and it's best to stick to the type suited for your fish; aside from the obvious difficulty of feeding a tiny fish like a guppy with a pellet that's as large as it's head, flakes, meant for tiny fish, will often be ignored by larger fish.

Fish food is also differentiated into "sinkers" and "floaters", meaning they will, once dropped into water, tend to either sink slowly towards the bottom of the tank, or keep floating upwards towards the surface. Get a type that suits the natural eating habits of your fish; bottom-feeders will need sinkers, shallow water fish will often prefer floaters. If you're unsure about the eating habits of your fish, experiment with both types and find out which they prefer. This is more than just a matter of instinct for your fish; some breeds of fish have mouths that are unsuited to feeding on the surface or bottom of the water, so even if they tried to bite at the food they would be unable to.

Another consideration for your fish food is their dietary pattern. Are they plant eaters, carnivores, or omnivores? Fish food generally come in plant or animal based varieties, meant to supply nutrients for herbivores or carnivores. If your fish are omnivorous, you won't have much of a problem, though you'll probably have to buy both kinds of fish food to keep your pet's diets nutritionally balanced. Feeding an herbivorous fish an animal based fish food or feeding a carnivore plant based fish food will both result in eventual death, as your fish won't be able to digest it.

Over and under feeding fish is also a source of problems if you're not careful. Both can cause your fish to sicken and die, though for different reasons. Underfed fish will grow thinner and weaker, and be more prone to disease. Overfed fish, on the other hand, won't be directly unhealthy; the problem lies in the excess fish food that remains floating around the tank. Unconsumed fish food will decompose, and mix with the fish's excrement (which will also be at a higher level in the tank than it should be) and poison the aquarium's environment past the filter's ability to handle.

On the average, a good rule of thumb is to feed your fish three times a day, using amounts that will get fully consumed in about 5 minutes. Also keep in mind that some fish are diurnal, others nocturnal, so you may have to separate the two or add a fourth feeding time per day to make sure all your fish get well fed.

Lastly, remember to "spice up" your fish diets with occasional treats, which would be to feed them the real things they would consume in nature. Dried seaweed or chopped aquatic fronds for herbivores, and little earthworms and insects for your carnivores, will keep your fish healthy and happy. Admittedly, while they will suffer no real ill effects from never eating anything but processed dried fish food, they WOULD get bored eventually, and long for the food that they are instinctually suited for. A few finicky breeds of fish have been known to starve themselves to death, refusing to eat fish food after a while unless they get a bit of "real" food from time to time. Throwing in "real" food for your fish about once a week keeps this from happening.

Qualities of a Good Aquarium

2007-09-01T05:18:00.001-07:00

There is no such thing as a "perfect" aquarium for your fish. Different pets have different needs, and even for animals of the same species, different breeds within the species have various physiological requirements that you'll need to cater to. Often though, adapting an aquarium to the specific needs of a type of fish is simply a matter of accessorizing once you're got the basic equipment down.

One of the first things you have to consider is the type of fish you'll be raising in the aquarium. There are subtle differences to a salt water and fresh water aquarium, so you have to buy one that's right for your fish. While fresh water aquariums are much more common and traditional, salt water aquariums are gaining in popularity due to people's wanting to raise unique brands of fish, and even go so far as to include live coral in their aquarium's decoration.

In either case, the first thing you need to do is to get an aquarium that's the right size for your fish. Ask at your local pet store when you purchase a fish what size of tank you'll need for it; take into account the number of fish you'll be placing in it, as well.

While some pet stores tend towards cramming large numbers of fish into a relatively tiny tank, keep in mind that this is because they are there for display purposes, and that those fish are meant to be sold off quickly so comfort isn't too much of a priority. For the long run however, you want enough space for your fish to swim around in without getting cramped. Also remember that some breeds of fish are aggressively territorial, so you'll either want to place these fish in their own separate tanks or buy larger tanks that will keep them from fighting.

On the average, tanks should have water capacities of 20 gallons or more. Along with water capacity, you should also keep tank shape in mind... some breeds of fish prefer wide and long but relatively shallow tanks, while others prefer deeper ones.

Aside from tank size and water capacity, another important consideration for an aquarium is the filter. The filter is the heart of the tank, keeping the water clean and filled with oxygen. Wet/dry filters with pumps are the most commonly used for aquariums, and these keep the water circulating constantly. They are also very easy to maintain, and relatively cheap.

Another type of filter is the gravel filter. These are more expensive, and are harder to maintain than regular wet/dry ones, but they provide a form of biological filtration which can be quite benificient for your fish, removing harmful bacteria and even, to an extent, cleaning out small particles of algae from the water.

Third, there are fully biological filters which are composed of living and highly decorative corals and fronds grown in trays; while these are commonly used on full fish ponds, miniaturized versions are available for some larger aquariums. These biological filters are the most natural and efficient way to keep your aquarium clean and air circulating, and they do the best job on cleaning out algae.

This third type of filter system is probably the most appropriate for a salt water aquariums, as the differences between salt and fresh water isn't merely the addition of "salt" per se, but various minerals. There is also an entire ecological system involving ammonia and nitrogen that keeps salt water fish alive, and that requires biological components like marine plants to keep the cycle going. A biological filter will be able to keep the cycle within a salt water aquarium going, and will keep the fish in it alive.

Lastly, aside from the tank size and filter/pump system, a good aquarium will also sport a heater system to keep the water warm and comfortable for the fish. While this may not seem important, remember that some breeds of fish are sensitive to colder temperatures. Tropical fish, in particular, will need to have an aquarium with a heater, especially when taken to a colder climate. But even with non tropical fish, keeping the water in an aquarium warm prevents the fish from getting sick - yes, fish get colds too, which is why you'll actually see fish "sunning" themselves sometimes near the water's surface in ponds.

Keeping Fish Healthy and Happy: Knowing Your Aquarium Filters

2007-09-01T05:17:00.001-07:00

Building, adding to, and maintaining the integrity of an aquarium can be both exciting and challenging. The process of duplicating the beauty of the underwater world can be difficult, but once carried out successfully, can add to the beauty of your home, and even the increased interest of your friends and loved ones in the life of the creatures of the sea. Making sure that this controlled environment stays clean and danger-free, however, is harder: you need to make sure that the chemistry of the water, the nature of the aquarium, and the microorganisms all come together to keep your fish happy and healthy.

Aquarium filters are part of this controlled system of a replicated environment, in that they keep out harmful microorganisms and chemicals. On their own, however, aquarium filters can only do so much: you will need to clean your aquarium regularly to scour out harmful fungi, which can prey on your fish and their young offspring. You will also need to change your aquarium water, and even test its pH and salinity levels if you are maintaining a marine aquarium.

How Water is Filtered in the Aquarium

There are actually three major methods of filtration. In mechanical filtration, an aquarium filter removes large materials, usually debris or waste, by keeping them out of the water and allowing them to rest on a filter. Such a filter may be made up of spongy material, floss, or a metal screen. Waste and debris usually consist of fish excrement, or gill exudations, both of which contain large amounts of ammonia. This ammonia is converted into nitrate, which can kill fish if such ions are present in the water in large amounts.

Chemical filtration involves treating the water with chemical agents which can remove harmful molecules from the aquarium environment. This is carried out by adding carbon or zeolite to filters. Biological filtration, on the other hand, is the most important method of filtration, and is used to ensure that water quality in the aquarium remains high. Such filtration is carried out by beneficial bacteria, which are made to grow on filters so that they can metabolize or digest waste, or molecules and compounds that would otherwise be harmful to fish.

The Different Kinds of Filters Available

If you are interested in buying an aquarium filter for your aquarium, there are different sizes of filters to suit your needs, and the kind of fish that you want to keep. A corner or box filter is made up of plastic, which houses filter carbon and floss which are linked to an air pump. This is commonly used in simple house aquariums.

The UGF or under gravel filters are fitted onto the bottom surface of the aquarium, and are placed under about an inch or so of gravel. This filter is linked to an air pump, and is kept on regularly. Canister filters, on the other hand, hang onto the side of an aquarium, and will house an internal pump which is connected to a sealed container. This container traps waste and debris from the aquarium water. Fluidized bed filters, like canister filters, hang on to the wall of the aquarium. This time, however, they pump water up and into the water through fluidized materials.

Wheel filters, such as the BIO-Wheel, are fitted onto the back of the aquarium. These filters draw water up from the aquarium bottom with the help of a siphoning tube, and then drain the water back into the aquarium. The drained back water is filtered through a pad that contains carbon, sponge, floss, or zeolite. Such a filter also allows beneficial bacteria to grow on it, allowing these bacteria to process harmful wastes and debris from the aquarium water. Such filters require constant maintenance, and filter pads need to be changed at least once every three to four weeks. The siphoning tube also needs to be cleaned inside and out.

If you are keeping baby fish, you may need sponge filters. The density of the sponge keeps the light and delicate baby fish from being sucked and drawn into the filter. The sponge also allows small plankton and other food to grow on its surface, where baby fish can nibble on them easily. Baby fish, however, can also be easily trapped under sponge filters, so the sponge filter shouldn't be on the aquarium bottom.

Filters are only one way to keep an aquarium clean, but they are essential to the health of your fish and the other inhabitants of your aquarium. If you are interested in purchasing a filter, consult with your local pet store or aquarium accessories distributor, and choose a filter that fits your needs and budget. You will soon enjoy the benefits that your aquarium can offer, whether it houses a few common fish, or many rare and colorful species.

The Aquarium Playground: Accessories to Delight Your Fish

2007-08-22T22:41:00.001-07:00

Whether you are keeping a marine or freshwater aquarium, you will want to not only delight people who see your aquarium, but keep your fish happy as well. Your fish have just been snatched out of their natural habitat, and can suffer trauma if they aren't handled gently. The least you can do is find ways to amuse them, and keep their stay in your small tank as easy and enjoyable as possible.

You will need to get aquarium decorations and accessories to not only delight your fish, but keep them healthy as well. Although they may seem useful only as ornaments, aquarium pebbles actually facilitate the oxygenation of aquarium water, and allow for the growth of beneficial bacteria that will help filter out harmful microorganisms that can prey on your fish.

Light, Heat, and Filtration

Another important aquarium accessory is your filter, which should remove harmful organisms from aquarium water. Your fish are especially susceptible to fungal infections, and an aquarium filter can keep them safe. If you are keeping a marine aquarium, you will also need a lighting and heating system. Your fish have a built in biological clock, or Circadian rhythm, that governs their sleeping and waking patterns. This biological clock operates on light and dark cycles, so consult with your local aquarium merchants on the duration of these cycles so you can properly adjust your tank’s lighting system.

Marine corals and beneficial algae survive on the basis of light and dark cycles, as well as on carefully controlled water temperature. Most marine fish, moreover, are caught off the shores of tropical countries, where the water is warmer. You need to acclimatize your fish by controlling the temperature of your water.

Decorations and Amusements

You can keep your tank colorful by adding decorations, such as stones or statues to your tank. As mentioned earlier, pebbles and stones, especially porous ones, can help beneficial bacteria grow in your tank, and can help distribute oxygen throughout your aquarium’s water. Just be sure to select pebbles that are sterile and free from fungi; if possible, have your local aquarium merchant sterilize your pebbles and stones before you introduce them to your tank.

You can introduce replica towers or buildings to your tank, especially those with large holes and doors so your fish can swim through them. Pagodas and temples are common decorations, as they have many grooves on their surfaces on which beneficial bacteria can grow. They also have multiple tiers and openings, as well as nooks and crannies in which fish can hide. Aquarium castles can also provide amusement for both you and your fish. Some castles function as water filters or oxygenators, and can have a drawbridge that signals the accumulation and release of air bubbles. Just be sure to clean out any aquarium castles or replica temples regularly to keep fungi from growing in your tank.

Static decorations can also be beneficial for your fish tank. They should have little channels and hiding places for your fish. If you also house crabs and small invertebrates, these decorations can give them lodgings as they clean out your tank. These decorations can come in the form of fake driftwood, skeletons, corals, or even flowers.

If you can afford it, buy decorative rocks or caves that have multiple holes and hiding places. It can be amusing to watch fish dart in and out of these holes; if you have blue or low lighting at night, you can also observe fish find places to sleep in these caves. Because replica caves and rocks are porous, you should clean them out regularly and keep them free from harmful fungi.

There are other aquarium ornaments, decorations, and accessories available on the market to delight both you and your fish. There are fake sea creatures that can double as amusement and filters. Some aquarium decorations can be programmed to light up at certain times, or to illuminate certain portions of the tank with the flick of a switch. Treasure chests can also double as oxygenators, sending up bubbles of air every time they open.

For a complete list of available ornaments and accessories, consult your local aquarium accessories merchants. Be sure to clean your tank out regularly and replace your water. Select only accessories that are bought from reputable merchants who have control over the quality of their wares. Your fish need to be happy and contented in their new home, and they need the best accessories to live well and flourish.

Marine Madness at Home - All About Saltwater

2007-08-21T16:28:00.001-07:00

In ancient Rome, it was considered fashionable to keep sea anemones in glass jars filled with saltwater. These were the first saltwater tanks, and although they were short-lived, they became the precursors to a modern hobby that has fascinated aquarium keepers and enthusiasts alike. Keeping a saltwater aquarium can be fulfilling and challenging, in that the saltwater tank has to be maintained constantly, but can house many interesting deep sea organisms that a freshwater tank would otherwise reject.

In the early days of marine aquarium maintenance, enthusiasts collected saltwater at the beach. This practice introduced parasites and pollutants to tanks, and often killed expensive marine organisms. Today, marine aquariums contain chemically-defined saltwater, which is tested for safety and salinity levels before being introduced to the tank.

The Marine Aquarium

A marine aquarium tank is usually made of glass or acrylic. It can be placed on a stand or built into a wall. It will also contain equipment for chemical, biological, and mechanical filtration, along with lighting and heating equipment. All these pieces of equipment are essential in keeping the environment of the marine aquarium as close to that of seawater as possible.

There are different kinds of marine aquarium fish keeping methods. The FO, or fish only tanks will contain only marine fish, along with some pebbles to coat the aquarium floor. In the fish only with live rock system, or FOWLR, fish are kept along with microorganisms that are present in live rocks, such as essential algae, invertebrates, and bacteria. The reef tank will contain sea anemones, delicate marine invertebrates, and corals, and will have a carefully controlled lighting system.

The Marine Filtration System

Because marine aquarium tanks will often accumulate large amounts of microorganisms, and because the carefully controlled pH levels of the water can also be inviting to microorganisms that can damage marine organisms, a filtration system is necessary to maintain a marine aquarium. There are various methods of filtration suitable to maintain the integrity of a marine tank, and all these methods will combine chemical, biological, and mechanical filtration.

Simple hang on filters can contain plates where beneficial bacteria can form their colonies. These bacteria provide biological filtration, and they shouldn't be cleaned out or expunged, as they provide a healthy biological balance in the marine tank. Larger marine aquarium tanks will also contain bio-filtration media; sometimes, large amounts of live rock can provide their own biological filtration, although molds and fungi can often damage live rock. As a result, marine aquarium enthusiasts and merchants recommend protein skimmers, which can introduce bubbles into the marine aquarium tank. These bubbles mimic the action of wave foam, and will contain waste products, saltwater, plankton, and essential nutrients.

Lighting and Heating

Although lighting may seem to be more vanity than a necessity, many marine systems actually need a cycle that balances light and dark hours. This simulation of day and night is essential to maintain the Circadian rhythm of the fish in the tank, an inner biological clock that determines periods of sleep and waking. This biological clock also governs other aspects of fish health. Strong lighting, moreover, can encourage the proliferation of coralline algae, which is important in fish with live rock tanks.

Many marine fish are caught in tropical regions, where the water is warmer than it is in temperate regions. These fish have to be established in a tank that mimics the native temperature of their saltwater, so most marine aquarium tanks also need to be heated. Although some cold water marine fish are also available, they are generally not as colorful or attractive as warm water marine fish.

Saltwater and the Best Marine Environment

Saltwater should be tested before it is introduced to a marine aquarium. Specific gravity is important, as it determines the ion balance in the water. In general, a specific gravity of about 1.020 to 1.024 can be suitable for a fish only tank. A specific gravity of 1.023 to 1.026 is good for supporting the growth of corals and invertebrates. Salinity is also an issue: salt should be at a level of about thirty parts per thousand, and can be measured with a refractometer.

The pH or acidity of the tank should be at about 8.1 to 8.3, which is more alkaline than ordinary water. This can be maintained through the use of buffers, a calcium-rich substratum, or commercially available chemical mixtures. Saltwater also needs to be buffered, and monitored for levels of ammonia, which is toxic, and which is converted to nitrate. Marine animals excrete ammonia into the water through their wastes or gills; bacteria pick this up and convert it into nitrate; the algae and corals use this nitrate to function. Although this balance is ideal, it is difficult to maintain, as nitrates may accumulate faster than algae and corals can take them up. Nitrates are toxic to fish, and can be removed only by changing the water. If you are interested in maintaining a marine aquarium, then make sure that you have all the knowledge necessary to have one. A marine aquarium can be a challenge to build, difficult to maintain, but an enjoyable sight to observe.

Aquarium Maintenance Tips

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If you are into the hobby of taking care of aquarium fish, you must know that it can take some work. Aquariums usually need care and maintenance not only in terms of equipment but also on the fish and plants put inside. Aquariums need to be well taken care of in order to be appreciated. This means knowing how to clean, care and maintain an ideal environment for the fish and the plants inside. Here are some useful tips that you can use in order to keep a well-maintained aquarium.

1. Avoid over-feeding the fish in your aquarium. Know what amount may be enough for your type of aquarium and stick to that. You must be aware that you are trying to recreate an environment for your fish. But it may be far from perfect or ideal since such an environment may not be large enough to take care of the different aspects that make up the natural surroundings of the fish.

Take waste disposal for example, aquariums may not be well-equipped in taking care of the waste brought about by decomposition as well as the development of nitrites unlike in the natural underwater surroundings. But there are ways in order to prevent such wastes from further polluting the aquarium environment and this is by feeding your fish with only the adequate recommended amounts and not more.

2. Make it a point to change at least half of the water inside your aquarium once each month. This will help in diluting and removing the nitrates in the water before it accumulates to dangerous levels. Changing the aquarium water regularly may also help get rid and prevent certain diseases from invading your aquarium fish population.

Changing the water regularly may also help replace some essential trace elements that may have been used up in your aquarium. But bear in mind also that changing more than half of the aquarium water at any one time may not be safe for the fish since it may create an abrupt change in the surroundings that may be stressful for the fish.

3. Have a quarantine aquarium available for sick fish as well as new additions to your aquarium. The quarantine area will help in separating the sick fish from the others and therefore may help curb widespread infection. This also holds true when adding new fish to your main aquarium. The quarantine area may be used to get the new fish acquainted with the new aquarium environment as well as help prevent other outside threats from directly affecting your other fish collection.

Aquarium DOs And DON'Ts

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Having an aquarium at home can be very aesthetically pleasing and fulfilling. However, creating and maintaining it is another matter. Before you get even close to assembling an aquarium you will need to know the basics of this hobby to be able to ensure the success of your endeavor. Below are some simple DOs and DON'Ts to remember to be able to properly maintain and care for your aquatic pets.

DO some research. Before you decide anything, read and research. If that proves unsubstantial, ask for advice from a professional or seek the help of fellow enthusiasts online through aquarium hobby forums. Creating an eco-system is a complex task and this is what is needed from you when crafting an aquarium. It is important to keep abreast of what is helpful for you to be able to achieve a livable environment for your aquatic pets.

DON'T put aesthetics first. The natural aquatic environment is aesthetic on its own however, the elements found here don't exist just for beauty. Certain elements exist because of their important role in the fragile underwater ecosystem.

Don't do things because you think it looks good, rather, do things because it is necessary to achieve an aesthetic presentation. For instance, don't choose gravel for your aquarium that is too fine because it will become tightly packed and the friendly bacteria won't be able to thrive in your aquarium.

Also don't choose gravel that's too large because food might easily get lost and trapped inside the gaps and this will also upset the equilibrium of your aquarium. DO have a quarantine tank handy and ready before you even purchase new additions for your tank.

Even if you have been getting away with not putting new additions in quarantine before adding it to your aquarium, you should always follow this important process. It only takes one tiny sick fish to contaminate one huge aquarium and wipe out an entire population. Therefore, it is better safe than sorry, and a process of quarantine for new entries should be in place.

DON'T over feed your fish. It is in fact better to underfeed than to overfeed your fish. To know the amount of food that is just right to feed your tank, test an amount and see if the food can be consumed within 5 minutes. If it takes more than 5 minutes then you've overfed them and you should immediately clean out any unconsumed food at this time.

Angelfish for Your Aquarium

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One of the most attractive fish species that you can add to your aquarium collection is the unique angelfish. The P. Scalare type of angelfish probably is the most common and popular of the species. They have become so popular that currently there are quite a number of wild as well as cross-bred strains for aquarium keepers to choose from and add to their own collection. Here are just some of the most popular angelfish varieties available.

Silver Angelfish- also referred to as a wild type of angelfish, the silver angelfish doesn't contain any dominant color genes. It is because of this absence of color genes that make it appear with a silver body with usually four distinct vertical black stripes. The stripes found on the silver angelfish may fade and darken, depending on the mood of the fish. If it is under stress, these stripes may fade. The stripes become darkest when it is breeding time.

Gold Angelfish - this is probably one of the hardiest and most attractive angelfish strains. Some of these angelfish are capable of developing an intense orange crown, adding to its attractiveness. The gold color of this angelfish strain is a recessive trait.

Black Lace Angelfish – this is usually a strain of a silver angelfish with one copy of the Dark gene. The result is an angelfish with very attractive black lacing in its fins. The black lace is considered by many to be one of the most attractive of angelfish varieties.

Sunset Blushing – this strain usually has the upper half of the angelfish exhibiting an orange tint, especially on the good ones. Its body is mostly white in color with clear fins. Some strains can exhibit a pinkish or even a tangerine hue on their bodies. The term blushing comes from the clear gill plates where the pinkish gill can be seen underneath.

Pearlscale – this angelfish variety is known for its scale mutation. The scales of this angelfish have a wrinkled and wavy look that reflect light to create a sparkling and pearly effect. This effect can be inhibited by stressful conditions.

Albino – this angelfish variety usually has no dark pigments. Some of the angelfish varieties belonging to this group, like the Albino Marble, may have a hint of black still noticeable on the body of the fish. The eye pupils are pink as are usually exhibited in all types of albino animals.